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This study presents three non-linear centralised scaled unscented Kalman filter (SUKF) for multisensor data fusion algorithms, which are augmented measurements, measurements weighted and sequential filtering fusion. First, the accuracy analysis of extended Kalman filter (EKF) and SUKF is investigated in detail. Second, through comparing the error covariance traces and the absolute mean estimation errors of X and Y directions of centralised SUKF for multisensor data fusion algorithms with that of centralised EKF for multisensor data fusion algorithms, it can be remarked that the performance of centralised augmented measurements SUKF for multisensor data fusion algorithm is the best one among the six algorithms, which is to say that Algorithm (Iu) shows the best performance in accuracy. Finally, combining and synthetically analysing the running time of six algorithms, it illustrates that Algorithm (Iu) is optimal in comprehensive aspects among six algorithms.

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Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) play an important role in the ocean's protection. They can realize real-time data collection, monitoring, exploration, and many other underwater applications by connecting and coordinating seafloor sensors and underwater vehicles. To achieve these application objectives, such as fishes tracking in biological monitoring field and submarines tracking in military field, target tracking is one of the key techniques. This paper presents a centralized fusion algorithm based on the interacting multiple models and the adaptive Kalman filter (IMMCFAKF) for target tracking in UASNs. Specifically, by introducing an adaptive forgetting factor into the optimal centralized fusion Kalman filter algorithm, the optimal centralized fusion adaptive Kalman filter (CFAKF) algorithm is obtained first. Then, combining the superiorities of both the optimal CFAKF algorithm and the conventional IMM algorithm, the optimal IMMCFAKF is achieved. The numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal IMMCFAKF algorithm. INDEX TERMS Underwater acoustic sensor networks, target tracking, interacting multiple model, adaptive forgetting factor, optimal centralized fusion, Kalman filter. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Sammy Chan.

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