A high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) is widely utilized in base-isolation structures due to its good energy dissipation capacity and environmentally friendly properties; however, it is incapable of isolating the vertical vibration caused by earthquakes and subways effectively. Thick rubber bearings with a low shape factor have become one of the important vertical isolation forms. This paper provides an experimental comparative study on high damping rubber bearings with low shape factor (HDRB-LSF), thick lead–rubber bearings (TLRB), and lead–rubber bearings (LRB). The abilities of the bearing and energy dissipation of the above bearings are analyzed contrastively considering the influence of vertical pressure, loading frequency, shear strain, and pre-pressure. Firstly, the HDRB-LSF, TLRB, and LRB are designed according to the Chinese Code for seismic design of buildings. Secondly, cyclic vertical compression tests and horizontal shear tests, as well as their correlation tests, are conducted, respectively. The vibrational characteristics and hysteresis feature of these three bearings are critically compared. Thirdly, a corrected calculation of vertical stiffness for the thick rubber bearings is proposed based on the experimental data to provide a more accurate and realistic tool measuring the vertical mechanical properties of rubber bearings. The test results proved that the HDRB-LSF has the most advanced performance of the three bearings. For the fatigue property, the hysteresis curves of the HDRB-LSF along with TLRB are plump both horizontally and vertically, thus providing a good energy dissipation effect. Regarding vertical stiffness, results from different loading cases show that the designed HDRB-LSF possesses a better vertical isolation effect and preferable environmental protection than LRB, a larger bearing capacity, and, similarly, a more environmentally friendly property than TLRB. Hence, it can avoid the unfavorable resonance effect caused by vertical periodic coupling within the structure. All the experimental data find that the proposed corrected equation can calculate the vertical stiffness of bearings with a higher accuracy. This paper presents the results of an analytical, parametric study that aimed to further explore the low shape factor concepts of rubber bearings applied in three-dimensional isolation for building structures.
This paper treats the vibration characteristics of three different types of asymmetric buildings and investigates the feasibility of applying an innovative vibration-based multicriteria approach-based damage index (MCA-DI) technique to detect the damage. This technique combines a modified form of the traditional modal strain energy method (MSEM) developed by decomposing the mode shapes into lateral and vertical components together with a modified form of the modal flexibility method to define a new damage indicator. Lastly, the dynamic behavior of three asymmetric building instances, including a 10-storey L-shaped structure, a 10-storey setback structure, and a 6-storey reinforced concrete structure with an unsymmetrical distribution of columns, was studied under five different damage scenarios. The results showed that despite different vibration characteristics of these three asymmetric buildings, the proposed method was able to accurately and effectively locate all damages and eliminate the confusion when more than one index is simultaneously used by using only the first a few modes.
The world has witnessed an alarmingly increasing number of serious natural hazards. In the aftermath of a hazard, relevant authorities/agencies face, among others, the challenging tasks of rapidly evaluating and assessing the damages to infrastructures and restoring their essential functionality and operation. The availability of reliable, high-quality structural and operational/maintenance data of a structure and its health, before and after a natural hazard, can be instrumental in the rapid assessment of a damaged structure. We collectively refer, in this paper, to the existing as-built and facility operational information about a structure or an infrastructure asset represented respectively in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Infrastructure Asset Management (IAM) systems as Product Lifecycle Data (PLD). Arguably, PLD combined with other post-hazard condition assessment data can provide a more reliable and integrated solution for a rapid damage assessment of buildings and other critical infrastructures. Unfortunately, the application of PLD in this critical area has been unexplored in the literature, and the mapping between PLD and damage assessment methods is loosely investigated. In an effort to address this research gap, this paper provides a critical analysis of the most common structural damage assessment methods and explores the potential of combining them with PLD to provide more reliable, comprehensive, and integrated solution for damage assessment. Findings from this study could be useful for practitioners in selecting the most appropriate and effective methods to conduct damage and safety assessments of critical infrastructures. The study will also assist the further theoretical developments in the integration of PLD with different damage assessment methods.
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