To study the effect of Ce on the morphology of manganese sulfide, we added different contents of Ce into U75V heavy rail steel. The composition and morphology of sulfide in steel were analyzed. The inclusions’ number, size, and aspect ratio were analyzed by automatic scanning electron microscope ASPEX. The results show that the inclusions in heavy rail steel without Ce are elongated MnS and irregular Al-Si-Ca-O inclusions. With the increase of Ce from 52 ppm to 340 ppm, the composition of main inclusions changes along the route of Ce2O2S-MnS → Ce2O2S-MnS-Ce2S3 → Ce2O2S-Ce3S4-Ce2S3 → Ce2O2S-Ce3S4-CeS. Ce has a noticeable spheroidization effect on MnS, which can make inclusions finely dispersed. When Ce content is 139 ppm, the average size of inclusions is the smallest. The mechanism of Ce-modified MnS was discussed by combining experimental results with thermodynamic calculations. Finally, the effect of Ce treatment on inhibiting MnS deformation was verified by simulated rolling.
The effect of magnesium (Mg) on the morphology of sulfides in silicon–manganese deoxidized low‐sulfur and low‐aluminum steels is investigated by adding different amounts of nickel–magnesium (Ni–Mg) alloy to a heavy‐rail steel U75V melt and cooling the melt from 1600 °C to room temperature under different conditions. Herein, the effects of Mg content and cooling rate on MnS inclusions are investigated. It is indicated that with an increase in the Mg content in molten steel from 0 to 64 ppm, the main composition of inclusions changes following the path of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 → MgO–Al2O3–MnS → MgO–MnS–MgS. Mg significantly inhibits the precipitation of long‐strip MnS and can decrease the average size and aspect ratio of the inclusions. Under furnace cooling, when Mg is 41 ppm, the minimum aspect ratio of the inclusions is 1.61. The higher the cooling rate, the smaller the inclusion size; however, compared to water and furnace coolings, with cooling rates of 126.3 and 0.12 °C s−1, respectively, the inclusion aspect ratio of the air‐cooling conditions with a cooling rate of 67.7 °C s−1 is low. Finally, thermal simulations verify the effect of Mg treatment on the suppression of MnS deformation during rolling.
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