H. 1994. Gibberellin and temperature influence carbohydrate content and flowering in Phalaenopsis -Physiol Plant. 90; 391-395.When Phalaenopsis atnabilis is grown under high temperature {3O/25°C, day/night), flowering is blocked, and this can be reversed by gibbereliin A, (GA,) treatment. Associated with GAi treatment under high temperature are increases in sucrose. glucose and fructose as compared with warm-treated plants. Spraying with sucrose solution alone caused ieaf epinasty in plants grown under high temperature. Epinasty was released by ahout 9 days of GA, treatment. In GA,-treated plants under high temperatures, sucrose application to the source leaves led to an increase in sugar contenl in both leaves and inflorescence. In contrast, although in warm-treated plants sucrose application to the source leaves increased sugar content in the leaves, it did not increase sucrose content in the inflorescence. These results corroborate our hypothesis that in Phalaenopsis GA, stimulates sink activity in the apical meristem and promotes the translocation of sucrose from source leaves to the apex of the inflorescence, where ii accumulates. GA, treatment led to an increase in sucrose synthase activity and had no effect on invenase activity.
Orchidaceae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in the plant kingdom and its unique developmental patterns have drawn the attention of many evolutionary biologists. Particular areas of interest have included the co-evolution of pollinators and distinct floral structures, and symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal flora. However, comprehensive studies to decipher the molecular basis of growth and development in orchids remain scarce. Cell proliferation governed by cell-cycle regulation is fundamental to growth and development of the plant body. We took advantage of recently released transcriptome information to systematically isolate and annotate the core cell-cycle regulators in the moth orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Our data verified that Phalaenopsis cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) is an evolutionarily conserved CDK. Expression profiling studies suggested that core cell-cycle genes functioning during the G1/S, S, and G2/M stages were preferentially enriched in the meristematic tissues that have high proliferation activity. In addition, subcellular localization and pairwise interaction analyses of various combinations of CDKs and cyclins, and of E2 promoter-binding factors and dimerization partners confirmed interactions of the functional units. Furthermore, our data showed that expression of the core cell-cycle genes was coordinately regulated during pollination-induced reproductive development. The data obtained establish a fundamental framework for study of the cell-cycle machinery in Phalaenopsis orchids.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11103-013-0128-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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