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Escalator-related incidents (EIs) have recently resulted in serious injuries and even deaths. Given the frequency and severity of EIs, a systematic exploration of factors influencing EIs is critical in order to identify preventive measures. Twenty-two factors influencing EIs were identified by analyzing 213 EI cases in China and related literatures. A combination of the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods were utilized to establish a hierarchical structure of the influencing factors and to distinguish cause factors and effect factors. The results show: (i) behavior, emergency plan, safety rules, safety supervision, information exchange, safety culture, and safety education are the most important factors influencing EIs; (ii) safety education is the cause factor imposing the greatest influence on other factors while behavior is the effect factor that is the most influenced; and (iii) the structure of influencing factors has five hierarchies, and factors in the root cause layer are settings and components, safety rules, safety supervision, safety culture, and safety education. Management priority should be given according to the hierarchy level, and the interaction of factors should be considered when taking preventive measures. The corresponding five-layer countermeasures are proposed to reduce escalator-related injuries.

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Safety management determines and implements safety policy. It is closely intertwined with industrial development. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0 presents new challenges and opportunities for safety management. The paper identifies three stages, namely, Safety 1.0, Safety 2.0 and Safety 3.0, for the evolution of safety management by considering safety principles, technologies and modes. A theoretical framework that integrates Safety 3.0 and Industry 4.0 is presented. Furthermore, knowledge graphs are developed with Citespace to explore the status of cross‐topic research on safety management and Industry 4.0. Potential opportunities for integrating Safety 3.0 and Industry 4.0 are discussed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework of applying the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to the intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries at emergency situations. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted field investigations on eight libraries in Wuhan, China, analyzed the characteristics of crowd gathering in libraries and the problems of the libraries’ existing evacuation plans. Therefore, an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries was proposed. Its basic structure consisted of five components: the information base, the protocol base, the IoT sensors, the information fusion system and the intelligent evacuation protocol generation system. In the information fusion system, Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory was employed as the information fusion algorithm to fuse the multi-sensor information at multiple time points, so as to reduce the uncertainty of disaster prediction. The authors also conducted a case study on the Library L in Wuhan, China. A specific evacuation route was generated for a fire and the crowd evacuation was simulated by the software Patherfind. Findings The proposed IoT-based evacuation protocol has four distinguishing features: scenario corresponding, precise evacuation, dynamic correction and intelligent decision-making. The case study shows that the proposed protocol is feasible in practice, indicating that the IoT technologies have great potential to be successfully applied to the safety management in libraries. Research limitations/implications The software and hardware requirements as well as the Internet network requirements of IoT technologies need to be further discussed. Practical implications The proposed IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol can be widely used in libraries, which is one of the inspirations for the use of IoT technologies in modern constructers. Originality/value The application of IoT technologies in libraries is a brand-new topic that has drawn much attention in academia recently. The crowd safety management in libraries is of great significance, and there is little professional literature on it. This paper proposes an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol, aiming at improving the safety management in libraries at emergency situations.

Osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases are typically treated with resection and/or chemotherapy. We hypothesize that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be an alternative to surgery that can achieve high rates of local control with limited toxicity. From January 2005 to December 2013, 73 patients who developed pulmonary metastasis during period of adjuvant chemotherapy or follow-up were analyzed. 33 patients were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery using the body gamma-knife system. A total dose of 50 Gy was delivered at 5 Gy/fraction to the 50% isodose line covering the planning target volume, whereas a total dose of 70 Gy was delivered at 7 Gy/fraction to the gross target volume. The other 40 patients were treated by surgical resection. Four-year progression-free survival rate, four-year survival rate, median time of PRPFS (post-relapse progress-free survival) and PROS (post-relapse overall survival) in SRS group were parallel to that in surgical group. Patients tolerated gamma knife radiosurgery well. Our study demonstrates that SRS is well-tolerated with excellent local control and less complications. SRS should be considered as a potential option in patients with pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma, especially in those who are medically inoperable, refuse surgery.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between platelet indices [mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT)] at diagnosis in osteosarcoma.MethodsThe information of 233 patients with osteosarcoma at diagnosis between 2007 and 2015 was retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters such as gender, age, size and site of tumor, and tumor necrosis rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed.ResultsNo significant difference was noted in the mean values of MPV, PLT, PDW and PCT among stage I, II and III patients. In localized patients, the median disease-free survival (DFS) values were 42 and 22 months in the PLT<300×109/L and ≥300×109/L groups, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.2611). No difference in the DFS among the three different levels of MPV was observed.ConclusionNo significantly different platelet indices were noted among the different stages. Although a shorter median DFS was found in localized patients with PLT≥300×109/L, there was still a lack of strong evidence to demonstrate the association between platelet indices and osteosarcoma.

Entrepreneurship and innovation are important driving forces for economic sustainable development. Despite the rapid popularity of the Internet in rural areas, whether—and if so, how—the Internet use may affect farmer entrepreneurship remains a key research gap. This paper studies the impact of the use of the Internet on farmer entrepreneurship and its mechanism by using Probit model, the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method and China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) dataset from 2014 to 2018. It is found that: (1) Use of the Internet has a positive impact on farmer entrepreneurship, and this result remains robust after addressing endogeneity. (2) Necessity entrepreneurship is more likely to be affected by use of the Internet than opportunity entrepreneurship. (3) Use of the Internet can significantly influence necessity entrepreneurship by affecting farmers’ risk attitude, social capital and information acquisition, while opportunity entrepreneurship is not affected by these mediating effects. (4) Among three mediating effects, the effect of social capital accounts for the largest contribution to the impact of the use of the Internet on farmer entrepreneurship. Our empirical findings could provide theoretical references for policies or reforms intended to promote entrepreneurship in rural regions.