Um experimento foi instalado no viveiro da Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, com o objetivo de comparar três tipos de cobertura de canteiros empregados em viveiros florestais e testar quatro níveis de sombreamento na germinação, emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas de pau rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke). Na cobertura dos canteiros utilizou-se palha de arroz, serragem e vermiculita. Os níveis de sombreamento de 30, 50 e 70% foram obtidos por meio de telas de poliolefinas de cor preta, sendo o de 0% obtido por semeadura a pleno sol. O delineamento estatístico foi de parcelas subdivididas em blocos ao acaso. Os tipos de cobertura utilizados e a interação entre os níveis de sombreamento e tipo de cobertura de canteiros não influenciaram na germinação das sementes e no índice de velocidade de emergência. Os níveis de sombreamento não influenciaram na germinação das sementes, mas apresentaram efeito significativo no índice de velocidade de emergência. Os tipos de cobertura dos canteiros não influenciaram no desenvolvimento das plântulas em altura, diâmetro à altura do colo e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total; a área foliar das plântulas obtidas com a cobertura de vermiculita foi melhor que com serragem. Melhores resultados de crescimento em altura e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total, foram observados nas plântulas cultivadas sob os níveis de 30 e 50% de sombreamento. As interações de 30% de sombreamento com a cobertura de vermiculita c 50% de sombreamento com a cobertura de palha de arroz proporcionaram maiores valores de crescimento em altura e peso da matéria seca total das plântulas de pau rosa, respectivamente.
The palm tree Euterpe precatoria Mart. is distributed all over the amazon region. The extractive exploitation mainly in coastal communities, where its use is essential in food, presents insufficient to attend a business model in isolated communities. As a result, management plans are required for the survival of this species. One of the primary limiting factors for seedling growth is light, with a view to its direct link with the photosynthetic efficiency. Among the main factors linked to the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and therefore to their establishment and development in different environments, is the concentration of chloroplastidic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids). Based on the assumptions pointed the aim of this study was based on obtaining of knowledge and the potential of applicability on the production system of plant bags of this species from possible physiological characteristics of adaptability developed by E. precatoria Mart seedlings submitted to different conditions irradiance availability. Particularly, on the regulation of the concentrations of chloroplastidic pigments. Among the evaluations carried out in this work it can be said that Euterpe precatoria under different light intensities, proved probably acclimatized. This behavior suggests that the species tolerates environments with different levels of irradiance, about the increase of biomass and carotenoid content and chlorophyll a, there is no significant differences and showed higher levels for chlorophyll b in shaded environments (Engel & Poggiani, 1991; Kahn & De Granville, 1992).
The Euterpe precatoria Mart. palm. (Acai-do-Amazonas) has been investigated with the aim of sustainability. The palm that is mainly used for basic nutrition of local populations, could also form the basis for models of self-sustained technological and industrial development. The extractive exploitation mainly in riverside communities, where its use is essential in food, it presents insufficient to attend a business model in isolated communities. Therefore, the study was based on obtaining knowledge and its potential applicability in the production of seedling, by increasing levels of irradiance in order to evaluate its growth in diameter, height and number of leaves. In the analysis of growth in different irradiation levels E. precatoria Mart. showed no significant difference in height, the diameter had high development in seedlings subjected to higher levels of irradiance and the number of leaves was higher in the environment with lower irradiance index. The behavior exhibited by the species suggests that E. precatoria tolerates environments with different levels of irradiance.
RESUMO -Entre as espécies que produzem tubérculos amiláceos nas condições tropicais, encontra-se Pachyrrhizus tuberosus, leguminosa conhecida popularmente como feijão macuco ou jacatupé. Propôs-se estudar alguns aspectos fisiológicos do desenvolvimento dessa espécie em uma area de várzea. Foi estudado o comportamento de três introduções (2.2, 1.2 e 1.1.6) da coleção do programa de melhoramento de hortaliças do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia -INPA (definidas como 1, 2 e 3), submetidas a duas formas de manejo: com e sem tutoramento das plantas e com e sem poda das inflorescências. A poda das inflorescências resultou em um aumento nos teores de xilose, glicose, açúcares redutores, proteínas e aminoácidos ao longo do desenvolvimento. Foram observadas variações nos teores de xilose, açúcares redutores e proteínas entre as introduções estudadas. O teor dc amido nas raízes tuberosas não mostrou variação ao longo do desenvolvimento, em nenhum dos tratamentos estudados.Palavras chaves: Leguminosa, Tutoramento, Poda de lnflorescência, Tuberização, Amazônia. Carbohydrates, Proteins and Free Aminoacids Content During the Development of Tuberous Root on Yam Beam (Pachyrrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.), Cultivated at the Floodplain Area, Amazonas State, BrazilABSTRACT -Among the species of plants that produce tuberous starched roots in the tropical region, Pachyrrhizus tuberosus, leguminous plant, which is popularly named "feijão macuco", "jacatupé" or yam bean. This study proposed to identify some physiological aspects of the yam bean cultivated in foodplain areas (várzeas). Three different genetic materials (2.2, 1.2 and 1.1.6) studied by the breeding program of National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) (numbered 1, 2 and 3), were submitted to two different kinds of cultivation methods: with and without tutoring and with and without inflorescence pruning. Inflorescence pruning improved the xilose, glicose, reduced sugars, protein and aminoacid contents. The genetic materials did not present differences in terms of plant development, but some variations of xilose, reduced sugars and protein contents were observed among them. The starch content in the roots did not present variation during the plant growth under any of the treatments studied.
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