Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by B cell hyperactivity and pathogenic autoantibodies formation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the distribution of B cell subsets in patients with SLE. We included patients with SLE followed in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China. Flow cytometry was used to measure frequencies of B cell subsets, including memory B cells, switched memory B cells, non-switched memory B cells, double-negative memory B cells, and naïve B cells in 130 patients with SLE and 55 healthy controls. The different distributions of B cell subsets were further evaluated by their associations with disease activity and clinical manifestation. SLE patients showed significant alteration of B cell subsets, including lower frequency of non-switched memory B cells and higher double-negative memory B cells. The frequencies of B cell subsets also varied between new-onset SLE patients and chronic SLE patients. Frequencies of total memory B cells, switched memory B cells, and non-switched memory B cells were lower in new-onset SLE patients and frequency of naïve B cells was higher compared with healthy controls. Chronic SLE patients showed increased switched memory B cells and double-negative memory B cells. In addition, switched memory B cells and double-negative B cells were higher in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) regardless of disease activity. Our findings suggested that abnormalities of the B cell subsets homeostasis might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.
BackgroundConflicting evidence exists regarding the proportion and function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)1-6.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to determine whether Treg cells are defective in Chinese RA patients.MethodsLevels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 224 patients with RA and 38 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of CTLA-4, GITR,Helios and ICOS was also evaluated in order to gain insight into the regulatory function of Treg cells. The production of IFN-γ, IL17 and IL10 cytokines by Treg cells was also evaluated. Clinical parameters, including DAS28_ESR, the levels of serum Anti-CCP, IgG and IgM were tested. Correlations with Treg cells were systematically analyzed.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, active RA patients had significantly higher frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells expressed lower CTLA4 (P < 0.01) and produced higher IL17 (P < 0.05) and lower IL10 (P < 0.05) in RA patients compared with healthy controls in vitro stimulation assay. We also found the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells were significantly higher in Anti-CCP +patients compared Anti-CCP-patients (P < 0.01). The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in RA patients was positively correlated with DAS28_ESR(r = 0.135, P = 0.043), the levels of serum Anti-CCP(r = 0.239,P < 0.001),IgG(r = 0.239, P < 0.001) and IgM(r = 0.168, P = 0.015).ConclusionWe showed higher frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in PB of RA patients, of which the suppressive capacity was defective.References[1] Vitales-Noyola M, Layseca-Espinosa E, Baranda L, et al. Analysis of Sodium Chloride Intake and Treg/Th17 Lymphocytes in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Journal of immunology research 2018; 2018: 9627806.[2] Han GM, O’Neil-Andersen NJ, Zurier RB, et al. CD4+CD25high T cell numbers are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cellular immunology2008; 253: 92-101.[3] van Amelsfort JM, Jacobs KM, Bijlsma JW, et al. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: differences in the presence, phenotype, and function between peripheral blood and synovial fluid. Arthritis and rheumatism2004; 50: 2775-2785.[4] Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Lima G, Jakez-Ocampo J, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing peripheral cells in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study. European journal of clinical investigation2011; 41: 1037-1046.[5] Kailashiya V, Singh U, Rana R, et al. Regulatory T Cells and Their Association with Serum Markers and Symptoms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunol Invest2018: 1-15.[6] Naciute M, Maciunaite G, Mieliauskaite D, et al. Increased Numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD8(+)CD25(+) T-Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Parvovirus B19 Infection. In vivo2017; 31: 18...
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