Understanding the causal relationship between neural activity and behavior requires the ability to perform rapid and targeted interventions in ongoing activity. Here we describe a closed-loop all-optical strategy for dynamically controlling neuronal activity patterns in awake mice. We rapidly tailor and deliver two-photon optogenetic stimulation based on online readout of activity using simultaneous two-photon imaging, thus enabling the manipulation of neural circuit activity ‘on the fly’ during behavior.
In the version of this article initially published, the second sentence of the Acknowledgements omitted the text "and P. Dzialecka for contributing to the initial development of the pyRTAOI real-time all-optical control software." The correction has been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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