This work proposes a novel multiband slotted planar antenna with a “回” structure, which is similar to an ancient Chinese window grille structure. The antenna is suitable for wireless applications, including the second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), and fifth-generation (5G) technologies, as well as WLAN and navigation applications. The proposed antenna is based on the structural characteristics of a conventional monopole antenna, which combines the advantages of a slit structure and microstrip line structure for feeding. It adopts a circular patch with a slit structure placed in it, which is similar to the Chinese classical pane structure. This structure enables an effective reduction of the size of the antenna. The four-sided “回” gaps change the path of current flow and are coupled to each other, improving the impedance matching and radiation characteristics of the entire target frequency band. The antenna covers the frequency ranges of 1.58–1.77 GHz (12%), 2.1–2.50 GHz (17%), 3.61–4.09 GHz (12%), and 4.75–6.5 GHz (36%), permitting more than 10 wireless applications in these 4 frequency bands. This antenna uses an FR-4 dielectric material; the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is 4.4, and the actual dimensions of the antenna are 85 × 70 × 1.6 mm³. The test and simulation results are in good agreement with each other, thus confirming that the proposed design method meets the requirements of various wireless applications.
This paper incorporates the structural characteristics of chrysanthemums in nature and fractal geometry theory into the antenna structure design and a novel-structured fractal multiband fractal microstrip antenna with a chrysanthemum petal structure is proposed. The antenna can cover commercial frequency bands from the second to fourth generation (4G), satellite navigation, wireless local area networks, and Bluetooth. The antenna radiator imitates the structure of chrysanthemum’s petals in nature, and a basic arc shape is iterated many times according to a certain proportional coefficient. After simulation and comparison, the second iteration can achieve the best antenna performance, and the antenna adopted the coplanar waveguide feeding method to broaden the antenna bandwidth. The antenna covers three effective frequency bands of 1.58–2.68 GHz (64.7%), 2.76–4.01 GHz (33.9%), and 4.68–5.35 GHz (13.4%). The antenna dielectric board is made of FR-4 material, the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the actual size is 41 × 29 × 1.6 mm3. The antenna performs fractal iteration at a small size, and the approximate calculation of the frequency band is completed by comparing the ratio of each ring to the current vector diagram. The design of the antenna is to use HFSS for antenna modeling and parameter optimization, and the model under different conditions were compared and analyzed. By comparing the test results of the antenna prototype with the simulation structure in the electromagnetic anechoic chamber, the rationality of the antenna is verified.
Combined with the classic Chinese window grille structure, this paper proposes and designs a multiband microstrip antenna that can be used in wireless mobile terminal equipment. The antenna radiator adopts a rectangular bending structure with four loops, which increases the effective current path of the antenna radiator in a limited space, so that the overall antenna is miniaturized. The branch structure of the four-ring phase set increases the current path of the antenna, making the antenna multiband. The electromagnetic simulation software HFSS was used for antenna modeling and parameter optimization, and the influence of the feed structure, feed mode, and ground plate shape on the antenna was compared and analyzed. The test results show that the antenna can cover four bands, 0.85–1.1 GHz, 1.2–1.8 GHz, 2.40–2.7 GHz, and 5.05–6.3 GHz, and produce 6 main frequency points, 0.9 GHz, 1.3 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 2.55 GHz, 5.3 GHz, and 6.05 GHz. The antenna can cover various navigation systems, Bluetooth, WLAN, ISM frequency band, and 5G (5.725–5.825 GHz).
This study proposes and designs a multiband branch antenna with a structure that imitates the Chinese classical pattern structure. The antenna radiator’s structure is a symmetrical rectangular stub fused with a Chinese classical pattern structure, and the rectangular stub is bent so that the outer and inner stubs are coupled to each other to generate multiple frequency bands. Microstrip line feeding is the feeding mode, and the grounding plate is a trapezoidal structure formed by subtracting two triangles from a rectangle. The overall size of the antenna is 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm3, and the dielectric board adopts FR4. The substrate dielectric constant εr = 4.4, the thickness h = 1.6 mm, and the dielectric loss tangent tanδ = 0.02. For antenna modeling and parameter optimization, HFSS electromagnetic simulation software is used. The antenna can cover 1.49 to 1.60 GHz, 1.87 to 2.51 GHz, and 4.63 to 5.34 GHz and generate three main frequencies: 1.57, 2.15, and 5.06 GHz, according to test result. The antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics and can be widely used in future mobile communication network coverage.
This study proposes a multiband printed planar antenna with cloud-like grooves. The outer contour of the antenna is shaped like a cloud, and the groove-like pattern is similar to the cloud-like pattern in ancient China. It can support 3G, 4G, 5G, WLAN, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and other applications. Based on the traditional monopole antenna, the antenna combines the advantages of a coplanar waveguide. The antenna uses an Archimedes helix to create grooves that resemble ancient Chinese cloud structures. Three effective frequency bands are obtained. The relative bandwidth of the first frequency band (1.8–2.6 GHz) is 32.7%, covering 5G band n2 (1.85 GHz–1.99 GHz), WCDMA (1.9–2.17 GHz), LTE33-41 (1.9–2.69 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4–2.48 GHz), WLAN (2.4–2.48 GHz), LTE Band40 (2.3–2.4 GHz), ISM Band (2.42–2.4835 GHz), WiMAX (2.3 GHz), and SCDMA (1.88–2.025 GHz and 2.3–2.4 GHz). The second frequency band (3.35–4.1 GHz) has a relative bandwidth of 20.5%, covering LTE42/43 (3.4–3.8 GHz) and 5G band n78 (3.4 GHz–3.8 GHz). The relative bandwidth of the third band (5.5–7.9 GHz) is 40.3%, covering Emergency and Public Protection (5.85 GHz–5.925 GHz) (WRC03). The antenna is printed on a G10/FR4 dielectric board with a size of 1.6 ∗ 45 ∗ 40 m m 3 , the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the omnidirectional radiation pattern gain is 0.59–4.14 dBi. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed design method is verified to meet the requirements of various wireless applications.
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