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Brake pads and brake shoes are the main components of the friction pair of the subway air brake. At present, the average coefficient of friction is usually used as a criterion for evaluating the braking effect of pads and shoes. In this paper, by analyzing the braking process of the subway, it is inferred that the average friction coefficient has a poor evaluation effect under the low-speed common braking conditions, and a new alternative evaluation index, the equivalent average friction coefficient at low speed, is proposed. The conjecture is verified by the test bench test, and the feasibility of the low-speed equivalent average friction coefficient as an evaluation index under low-speed conditions is proved.