In recent years, the demand for energy-efficient technological solutions in the building sector has risen significantly worldwide. The exploitation of phase change material as a medium for thermal energy storage in building envelopes has increased due to its superior properties. There is still a knowledge gap to cover in the way to the effective solar thermal energy storage in the building envelope – to enhance the heat transfer, to reduce the heat loss, etc. This paper deals with the optimisation of heat transfer using a solar concentrator (Fresnel lens). This study examines the effect of Fresnel lens focal point location on heat transfer in a dynamic solar facade prototype that stores thermal energy in phase change material. Nine different setups (solar façade compositions) were tested in the laboratory – two parameters with three alternatives each. Testing conditions simulate the relevant Northern Europe climate. By changing the air gap configuration and location of the Fresnel lens focal point, the heat transfer to phase change material was observed by measuring temperatures in the phase change material container using five thermocouples. The results show the improved thermal performance in test modules with larger cone diameter by 7.2 % and Fresnel lens focal point positioning closer to the back of the phase change material container by 5.4 %.
Finding the generic hygrothermal properties of historical brick for application in Heat Air and Moisture (HAM) simulation programs such as Delphin, Wufi, etc., is the main objective of this paper. In this paper hygrothermal properties and Delphin simulation results of 40 different historical brick samples from the 17th to 20th Century, were used. The clustering results of hygrothermal properties were cross-examined with the results of clustering results of Delphin simulation data. Six and three clusters were found to be optimal, accordingly for Hygrothermal properties and Delphin results data groups. After cross-examination, a total of 9 combined clusters were recognized, with two dominant clusters containing 67.5 % of all samples (30 and 37.5 %), four of the clusters had only one sample in them, and other clusters had two, three, and four samples in them. Additionally, all the resulting clusters were compared with the brick sample groups that were created based on the description of the brick: color, material type, and year of manufacturing.
To meet the 2050 EU decarbonization goals, there is a need for new and innovative ideas to increase energy efficiency, which includes reducing the energy consumption of buildings and increasing the use of on-site renewable energy sources. One possible solution for achieving efficient thermal energy transition in the building sector is to assign new functionalities to the building envelope. The building envelope can function as a thermal energy storage system, which can help compensate for irregularities in solar energy availability. This can be accomplished by utilizing phase change materials as the energy storage medium in the building envelope. In this paper, two phase change materials with different melting temperatures of 21 °C and 28 °C are compared for their application in a dynamic solar building envelope. Both experimental and numerical studies were conducted within the scope of this study. The laboratory testing involved simulating the conditions of the four seasons through steady-state and dynamic experiments. The performance of the phase change materials was evaluated using a small-scale PASLINK test stand that imitates indoor and outdoor conditions. A numerical model of a small-scale building envelope was created using data from laboratory tests. The purpose of this model was to investigate how the tested phase change materials perform under different climate conditions. The experimental findings show that RT21HC is better at storing thermal energy in the PCM and releasing it into the indoor area than RT28HC. On the other hand, the numerical simulation results demonstrate that RT28HC has an advantage in terms of thermal storage capacity in climates found in Southern Europe, as it prevents overheating of the room.
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