As cultivated land quality has been paid more and more scientific attention, its connotation generalization and cognitive bias are widespread, bringing many challenges to the investigation and evaluation of regional cultivated land quality and its data analysis and mining. Establishing a systematic and interdisciplinary cognitive approach to cultivated land quality is urgent and necessary. Therefore, we explored and developed a conceptual framework of the model for the cultivated land quality analysis from the data perspective, including cultivated land quality ontology, mapping, correlation, and decision models. We identified the primary content of cultivated land quality perceptions and four cognitive mechanisms. We built vital technologies, such as the collaborative perception of the quality of cultivated land, intelligent treatment, diagnostic evaluation, and simulation prediction. Applying this analysis framework, we sorted out the frequency of indicators that characterize the function of cultivated land according to the literature in recent years and have built the cognitive system of cultivated land quality in the black soil region of Northeast China. The system’s central component was production capacity and it had three components: a foundation, a guarantee, and an effect. The black soil region cultivated land quality evaluation system has seven purposes involving 20–31 key indicators: production supply, threat control, farmland infrastructure regulation, cultivated land ecological maintenance, economics, social culture, and environmental protection. In various application contexts, the system had many critical supporting technologies. The results demonstrate that the framework has strong adaptability, efficiency, and scalability, which might offer a theoretical direction for further studies on the evaluation of the quality of cultivated land in the area. The analysis framework established in this study is helpful to deepen the understanding of cultivated land quality systems from the perspective of big data. Taking the big data of cultivated land quality as the driving force, combined with the technical methods of cultivated land quality analysis, the evaluation results of cultivated land quality under different scenarios and different objectives are optimized. In addition, the framework can serve the practice of farmland management and engineering improvement, adapt to the management needs of different objects and different scales, and achieve the combination of theory and practice.
Soils in black soil areas are high in organic matter and rich in nutrients. Soil microorganisms are particularly critical to cultivated land. The objective of this study was to explore the influencing factors of soil bacterial diversity under special regional conditions in a black soil region. In this study, the cultivated land in a black soil area was used as the study area and a random forest was used to map the bacterial abundance in the black soil area based on 1810 sample points. DbMEM analysis was used to quantify the spatial effect of the black soil area and to identify the influencing factors of soil bacterial abundance in the black soil area in combination with soil properties, terrain, and climate. Results of a variation division showed that broad (8.336%), AT (accumulated temperature, 5.520%), and pH (4.184%) were the main factors affecting soil bacterial diversity. The broad effect was more significant in the spatial effect, which may be related to the local landscape configuration. Overall, our research showed that the influencing factors of soil bacteria will be affected by regional characteristics.
The pattern of China’s cultivated land has been stable, but there remains a need to improve grain productivity. It is necessary to clarify the background status of cultivated land resources and implement more effective management measures. However, current comprehensive evaluation systems of cultivated land quality do not adequately support the management of cultivated land resources because no national-scale research based on factor restriction exists. Our study analyzed the natural background status and restrictive factors of cultivated land resources in China using data from the third national land survey’s cultivated land resource quality classification. The results showed that 1) The quality of cultivated land resources in China was not high, with medium cultivated land accounting for the majority (57.30%). The factors reflecting the quality of cultivated land were significantly different. The average grade of soil texture was 1.39, and the overall situation was good. Conversely, biodiversity, soil pH value, secondary land types of cultivated land, and crop ripening had average grades of 2.01, 2.06, 2.26, and 2.33, respectively, suggesting relatively poor conditions. 2) There were significant differences in the restrictive factors of cultivated land quality in China. Secondary land types of cultivated land, with a restrictive degree of 1.09, was the only shortcoming factor at the national level. Crop ripening (0.96) and biodiversity (0.87) also contributed to strong restrictions on cultivated land, while soil heavy metal pollution had almost no impact. Different natural regions had different restrictive factors. Crop ripening, secondary land types of cultivated land, and natural region belonged to short-board factors in 31, 24, and 23 natural regions in China, respectively. 3) The regional differences in cultivated land quality in China were significant, and cultivated land resources could be categorized into six management modes. Among them, three eastern regions were mainly to stabilize the existing cultivated land pattern and improve infrastructure construction. The three western regions mainly develop cultivated land resources cautiously and strengthen the ecological protection of cultivated land. The results demonstrated that analyzing the natural background status and its restrictive degree in different regions of cultivated land resources in China based on cultivated land quality factors can clarify the natural background differences of cultivated land resources in China, and provide a basis for classified management of cultivated land resources. This is an important foundation for the protection and utilization of cultivated land resources in the new era.
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