Built on deep-rooted political and cultural heritage, ‘rice security’ is the foundation of ‘food security’ in Bangladesh. The country has been in production-surplus of rice in the current decade feeding over 165 million people. This on-going ‘selfsufficiency momentum’ would require to maintain to meet increased demand from growing future population. On developmental side, Bangladesh is placed among the three of the world’s fastest growing economies in the years through to 2050. Rice sector would need to match with the pace of this growth. In addition, agriculture sector, that includes rice, is to double the productivity as the government commits to meet the SDG goal 2.3.1. This study addresses those issues through scoping increased rice production and productivity in Bangladesh, developing a plan of work (POW) on translating the scope and designing implementation plans and actions, incorporating efficiency, resilience, stability and sustainability issues, to achieve the POW. The study has used brainstorming, and rigorous analysis to achieve the objectives. The productivity has been explained in terms of yield- and labour-productivity. The developed three-winged ‘doubling rice productivity (DRP)’ framework directs yield enhancement and production accumulation in unexplored spaces (Wing-1); increased adoption of mechanization to impact on labour productivity (Wing-2), and improvements in nutritional quality and rice-based product diversity, and stabilizing the farmgate price (Wing-3). Analyses show, from the baseline figure of 35.29 MT in 2015, rice production in the country can be raised to 46.90 MT in 2030, 54.09 MT in 2040 and 60.85 MT in 2050 with combined contributions of three pillars – yield improvements by enhanced varietal potential (Pillar 1), reduction in existing yield gap (Pillar 2) and production increase by exploring unexplored spaces for rice (Pillar 3) of Wing-1 of the DRP. This production will produce a surplus of 6.50, 10.29 and 13.65 MT in 2030, 2040 and 2050, respectively, over the production target (40.40, 43.80 and 47.20 MT in 2030 and 2050, respectively). Results further reveal that through scale-appropriate mechanization backed up by estimated fair price, labour productivity in rice will be doubled by 2029, meeting the SDG 2.3.1. Good number of released varieties have been identified to have specific nutritional trait, and value adding quality. We have emphasized on much needed actions on demand-driven research for varietal development and field-adoptable management, mechanization for transplanting and harvesting operations, accommodation of rice in unexplored spaces, farmer-based speedy seed multiplication and dissemination system, establishment of commission for agricultural costs and prices, input buffer stock terminals for managing production risk, long-term storage and export of surplus production, and research-publicity-market development for rice-based products through public-private partnership. It is concluded that efficiency, resilience and sustainability around the three wings of DRP in the rice production systems to be ensured to achieve the rice production, productivity and labour use estimates. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 1-47, 2021

Employing ICT platforms has the potential to improve efforts to assist displaced people, or to liberate them in being more able to help each other, or both. And while platform development has resulted in a patchwork of initiativesan electronic version of 'letting a thousand flowers bloom'there are patterns emerging as to which flowers grow and have 'staying power' as compared to ones that wilt and die. Using a partial application of grounded theory, we analyze 47 platforms, categorizing the services they provide, the functionalities they use, and the extent to which end users are involved in initial design and ongoing modification. We found that 23% offer one-way communication, 72%, provide two-way communication, 74% involve crowdsourcing and 43% use artificial intelligence. For future developers, we offer a preliminary list of what leads to a successful ICT initiative for refugees and migrants. Finally, we list ethical considerations for all stakeholders.

:The experiment was conducted to study the duration of different developmental stages of Oligonychus coffeae Nietner in six generations in different seasons of the year. The eggs of O. coffeae developed to adult within the shortest duration of 5.30±0.16 days at 30.28°C and 76.00% RH in June, but it took 12.91±0.21 days at 19.80°C and 75.41% RH in January. The highest temperature accelerated the developmental rate and reduced the duration of developmental stages. Temperature exerted significant effect on all the developmental stages of O. coffeae except deutonymph. But the relative humidity had no significant effect except deutonymph.

Seed extracts of medicinal plants Leea macrophylla were investigated for phytochemical as well as antibacterial screening. Phytochemical studies of the plant extracts revealed the presence of phenolic, saponin, glycosides, carbohydrate and protein types of compounds. The antibacterial effects of the plant extracts were also tested against several human multidrug resistant pathogens, including one gram positive and three gram negative bacterial species and one fungal species using the disc-diffusion assay. All the plant extracts showed potent anti-microbial effects against gram positive micro-organism (inhibition zone 7-19 mm) whereas none of the extracts produced any potent anti-microbial effects against gram negative bacteria. Furthermore, it has been shown that the extracts exhibit antifungal activities against candida albicans except the extract n-hexane.

Three known compounds were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the rihzomes of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, they were two steriods; β-sitosterol (1) and daucosterol (2), and a flavonoid; isokaemferide (3). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral analysis as well as comparison with available data in the literature. All extracts and the three pure compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The compounds showed moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis, Stapylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans.

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Nutrients efficacy means increased rice yield upon soil fertilization. Purposefully a particular nutrient stress was created in soil through missing element technique from complete treatment (NPKSZn) and its reserve management (addition of omitted nutrient) effect in increasing yield was considered as a measuring stick of nutrients efficacy. The omission of all NPKSZn fertilizers from complete treatment (NPKSZn) drastically decreased yield than continuously fertilized complete treatment. Similar extent of' yield increase was observed when all NPKSZn fertilizer was applied in absolute control plot indicating that every soil needs complete addition of NPKSZn fertilizers irrespective of seasons whether the plot was continuously fertilized or not. The amount of yield increase obtained upon a missing element fertilization nearly equivalent amount of yield loss as aloofness of that particular nutrient as compared to complete fertilization. It means lhc efficacy of each essential nutrient might increase yield in a similar manner depending on their magnitude of deficiency level in the soil. Continuous application of N @ 120 kg/ha in boro and 80 kg/ha in T.aman with PKSZn @ 25-33-20-05 kg/ha per season improve total soil N, S and Zn. But exchangeable K decreased compared to initial soil status. In case of P fertilization, this rate maintained the initial soil P level. However, available Zn was found well above critical level even after 45 th crop as because of high initial soil available Zn level.

Effect of the seed dust of yellow karavi (Nerium oleander L.), flower juice of akanda (Calotropis procera L.) and two IGRs (diflubenzuron and triflumeron) were observed on the development of two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. The seed dust of yellow karavi and akanda juice delayed the development of T. urticae resulting the elongation of duration of different developmental periods. But, the last stage of development was not affected with these treatments. Similarly, the two IGRs also significantly extended the duration of different developmental stages except deutonymph to adult. The different doses of two plant materials and two IGRs produced different effects on the development of two-spotted spider mite. Key words: Tetranychus urticae, Calotropis procera, Nerium oleander, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, developmental period Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.18-22