A serial wedge-shaped wettability pattern is designed to achieve long-distance spontaneous and directional pumpless transportation of subaqueous gas bubbles.
Oil/water
separation has been addressed by various materials characterized with
superwettability, but most of the methods involve corrosive or toxic
chemicals which will cause environmental concerns. Proposed herein
is an environmentally friendly method to realize oil/water separation.
Nylon mesh is exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma for surface modification,
by which micro-/nanostructures and oxygen-containing groups are created
on nylon fibers. Consequently, the functionalized mesh possesses superhydrophilicity
in air and thus superoleophobicity underwater. The water prewetted
mesh is then used to separate oil/water mixtures with the separation
efficiency above 97.5% for various oil/water mixtures. Results also
demonstrate that the functionalized nylon mesh has excellent recyclability
and durability in terms of oil/water separation. Additionally, polyurethane
sponge slice and polyester fabric are also functionalized and employed
to separate oil/water mixtures efficiently, demonstrating the wide
suitability of this method. This simple, green, and highly efficient
method overcomes a nontrivial hurdle for environmentally safe separation
of oil/water mixtures and offers insights into the design of advanced
materials for practical oil/water separation.
Pumpless
and directed gas transportation in aqueous environments
has promising application prospects in various domains. So far, researches
on gas transportation based on superaerophilic channels are limited
to the transportation of fewer bubbles with low transportation velocity.
How to enhance the transportation velocity and realize the transportation
of a large quantity of bubbles (especially for gas jet) for practical
applications remain unclear. Here, a half-open wedge-shaped channel
with subaqueous superaerophilicity is fabricated, which demonstrates
excellent bubble affinity and can realize the pumpless and directed
bubble transportation. It is proposed that a Laplace force is the
main driving force during the transportation and the magnitude of
the force is influenced by both the wedge angle of the channel and
geometric parameters of the bubble whereas the direction of the force
is determined by the orientation of the channel. By applying a precovered
air film on the subaqueous superaerophilic wedge-shaped channel, bubbles
demonstrate a higher transportation velocity. Additionally, the prepared
channel shows an outstanding affinity to oxygen jet at high flux,
which can be utilized to transport oxygen for continuous subaqueous
oxygen supplementation.
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