Productivity and people maintenance values have traditionally been considered to contribute to leader effectiveness but the dynamics by which they have their effects have not been clarified. This study proposes that cooperative and competitive goal interdependence mediates the relationship between these values and outcomes. Working in organizations in Shanghai, China, 103 managers indicated their productivity and people values and 206 employees indicated their goal interdependence, leader effectiveness, and their commitment. Structural equation analysis suggested that productivity and people maintenance values affect goal interdependence which in turn results in leader effectiveness and employee commitment. Findings refine the theorizing by suggesting that leader values reduce competitive and independent goals but may not themselves strengthen cooperative goals. Results also suggest that leader values may directly induce employee commitment. The study’s findings and previous research were interpreted as suggesting that productivity and people values coupled with cooperative goals provide a foundation for effective leadership.
Proposes that traditional Chinese values of leader as head can be useful in that they can promote applying abilities for mutual benefit for leadership and employees. A total of 200 managers working in organizations in Shanghai, China, indicated their traditional leadership values and level of applying abilities for mutual benefit with employees. A total of 200 employees working for these managers indicated their applying abilities with their manager and their manager’s leader effectiveness and their own job commitment. Applying abilities mediates between leader as head and leader effectiveness. Findings help to clarify that traditional Chinese leadership values involve support and relationship building, not necessarily domination and suppression. These results were interpreted as suggesting that Chinese managers and employees could develop effective leader relationships by strengthening their traditional values and orienting them to promoting applying abilities for mutual benefit.
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