Two designs of metasurface color filters (MCFs) using aluminum and lithium niobate (LN) configurations are proposed and numerically studied. They are denoted as tunable aluminum metasurface (TAM) and tunable LN metasurface (TLNM), respectively. The configurations of MCFs are composed of suspended metasurfaces above aluminum mirror layers to form a Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonator. The resonances of TAM and TLNM are red-shifted with tuning ranges of 100 nm and 111 nm, respectively, by changing the gap between the bottom mirror layer and top metasurface. Furthermore, the proposed devices exhibit perfect absorption with ultra-narrow bandwidth spanning the whole visible spectral range by composing the corresponding geometrical parameters. To increase the flexibility and applicability of proposed devices, TAM exhibits high sensitivity of 481.5 nm/RIU and TLNM exhibits high figure-of-merit (FOM) of 97.5 when the devices are exposed in surrounding environment with different refraction indexes. The adoption of LN-based metasurface can enhance FWHM and FOM values as 10-fold and 7-fold compared to those of Al-based metasurface, which greatly improves the optical performance and exhibits great potential in sensing applications. These proposed designs provide an effective approach for tunable high-efficiency color filters and sensors by using LN-based metamaterial.
We demonstrate the holographic design and fabrication of two-dimensional coupled photonic crystal resonator arrays, which are composed of hexagonal cavities tiled together in a triangular lattice. Band structure analysis reveals that the inverse structure of the fabricated template supports monopole defect mode in a photonic band gap of TM polarization. Our results show the practical importance of holographic lithography in the fabrication of photonic component arrays.
Numerous studies have indicated that the atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is highly correlated with the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in summer. However, such an interannual relationship has been weakened since the late 1990s. The present work shows that the TP AHS was significantly and positively correlated with the WNPAC in 1979–1999 (P1), while this relationship became insignificant hereafter (2000–2020; P2). From an atmospheric perspective, we identify that the long-term change in the upper-level atmospheric circulation over the TP is an important cause for weakening the relationship. An obvious upper-level anticyclonic trend occurred over the northeastern TP in the past four decades, with an easterly trend on the anticyclone’s southern flank, standing for anomalous westerlies during P1 but anomalous easterlies during P2 over the main portion of the TP. With the anomalous upper-level westerlies in P1, abnormal high pressure induced by the TP heating (i.e. AHS) extended downstream in the upper troposphere. Subsequently, anomalous descending motions formed over the northwestern Pacific due to the eastward-extended high pressure, together with the vertical transport of negative relative vorticity, favorable for the enhancement of the WNPAC. Whereas in P2, the TP heating-induced abnormal high pressure was confined over the southern TP due to the anomalous easterlies, suppressing its downstream influence and finally breaking the connection between the TP AHS and the WNPAC. Modeling results from both LBM sensitivity experiments and CESM large ensemble dataset further confirm the important role of the change in background circulation in weakening the relationship.
In China, Internet finance is an emerging product of the Internet era. It provides an unprecedented development path for the traditional financial industry, but it also comes with new challenges. In many challenges, legal risk cannot be ignored. At present, relevant departments need to pay attention to how to identify risks and avoid them before they occur at the regulatory level. Only by establishing and perfecting the regulatory legal system, cultivating the risk prevention awareness of Internet consumers in their daily lives, and taking into account the efficiency and fairness of the financial market, can we promote the sustainable development of Internet finance.
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