ObjectiveA meta-analysis of the association between haplotypical variants of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene (ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) risk and changes in lipid profile.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to retrieve articles that provided data on APOE gene ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 variants in patients with OSA and healthy controls. Data were extracted from eligible articles and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 14 articles involving 19 study populations (3198 patients and 6031 controls). There was no significant association between the presence of the ɛ4 allele and OSA risk. The presence of ɛ4 was associated with significantly increased total cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with ɛ4 allele negative individuals. There was a low probability of publication bias but significant heterogeneity.ConclusionsThere was no association between APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 and OSA susceptibility. The presence of APOE ɛ4 was associated with changes in lipid profile.
This retrospective study compared cardiovascular (CV) outcomes between initial β‐blocker (BB) + calcium channel blocker (CCB) dual therapy (“B + C”) and other initial dual therapies in Chinese newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. In this study, all patients in a regional electronic database with newly diagnosed hypertension from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2016 who received any initial optimal dual therapy recommended by the Chinese hypertension guideline were included. 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between patients receiving B + C and patients receiving other initial dual therapies (“Others”). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that occurred from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2017, consisting of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non‐fatal chronic heart failure (CHF), and all‐cause death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare these CV outcomes in the 2 matched cohorts. After the PSM, 6227 patients receiving B + C and 12 454 patients receiving Others were included. Compared to patients receiving Others, patients receiving B + C had a significantly lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.78–0.92; p < .001), non‐fatal stroke (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.98; p = .018) and non‐fatal CHF (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63–0.86; p < .0001). Additionally, differences in risks of non‐fatal MI and all‐cause death between the 2 treatment cohorts were not statistically significant. In conclusion, BB + CCB initial dual therapy was associated with a lower risk of MACE, stroke, and CHF than other optimal initial dual therapies recommended by the Chinese hypertension guideline in Chinese newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.
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