Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of ∼80%) and protons (with a polarization of ∼70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2–3) × 1033 cm−2 · s−1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.

Doping, which is the intentional introduction of impurities into a material, can improve the metal-semiconductor interface by reducing Schottky barrier width. Here, we present high-quality two-dimensional SnS 2 nanosheets with well-controlled Sb doping concentration via direct vapor growth approach and following micromechanical cleavage process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement demonstrates that Sb contents of the doped samples are approximately 0.22%, 0.34% and 1.21%, respectively, and doping induces the upward shift of the Fermi level with respect to the pristine SnS 2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization exhibits that Sb-doped SnS 2 nanosheets have a high-quality hexagonal symmetry structure and Sb element is uniformly distributed in the nanosheets. The phototransistors based on the Sb-doped SnS 2 monolayers show n-type behavior with high mobility which is one order of magnitude higher than that of pristine SnS 2 phototransistors. The photoresponsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Sb-SnS 2 monolayers phototransistors are approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine SnS 2 phototransistor. The results suggest that the method of reducing Shottky barrier width to achieve high mobility and photoresponsivity is effective, and Sb-doped SnS 2 monolayer has significant potential in future nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications.

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Fuel additives are widely used as octane number improvers, oxygenates, emission depressors, and corrosion inhibitors to promote combustion processes of liquid fuel. In this work, six kinds of fuel additives, including ethanol, butanol, dimethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl tert-butyl ether, and tri-tert amyl glycerol ether, were studied by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. The bond dissociation reactions were found to be more dominant at the early stage than oxidation reactions, which means the unimolecular reactions were the main pathways of primary reactions in hydrocarbon combustion. The rate constants of primary reactions of ethanol combustion were much smaller than those of other systems, which were in good agreement with the product distribution analysis and previous work. The main reaction pathway and relative rate constants for all systems were evaluated. Four kinds of main radicals, including ·CH3, ··CH2, ·OH, and ·HO2, were detected, and the number variation with time are presented. The number of ·OH radicals was the largest among those four radicals, and it was found to gradually increase with time except for ether systems; the number of ·CH3 and ··CH2 radicals sharply increased first and then gradually decreased. Hopefully, the results obtained in this work will be helpful to future design and screening of new fuel additives.