Circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which integrate endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFAs, can be better used to investigate the relationship between n-3 PUFAs and disease. However, studies examining the associations between circulating n-3 PUFAs and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk were limited and the results remained inconclusive. This case-control study aimed to examine the association between serum n-3 PUFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population. A total of 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were included. Fatty acids were assayed by gas chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher level of serum α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and total n-3 PUFAs were associated with lower odds of CRC. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI were 0.34 (0.24-0.49, Ptrend< 0.001) for ALA, 0.57 (0.40-0.80, Ptrend<0.001) for DPA, 0.48 (0.34-0.68, Ptrend< 0.001) for DHA, 0.39 (0.27-0.56, Ptrend< 0.001) for long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and 0.31 (0.22-0.45, Ptrend< 0.001) for total n-3 PUFAs comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. However, there was no statistically significant association between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and odds of CRC. Analysis stratified by sex showed that ALA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs were inversely associated with odds of CRC in both sexes. This study indicated that serum ALA, DPA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was inversely associated with odds of having CRC in Chinese population.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential confounders.ResultsHigher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. Dietary a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid were also inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.38-0.70), 0.68 (0.55-0.84), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.76 (0.61-0.94), respectively. In stratified analyses, these inverse associations between risk and dietary n-3 PUFAs were more evident among premenopausal women and women with ER+, PR+ and ER+PR+ tumors. A decreased risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with increasing n-3 PUFA intake in obese/overweight women, but not in women of normal weight. There was a significant interaction between linoleic acid and marine n-3 PUFAs.ConclusionsHigh intake of n-3 PUFAs and n-3 PUFA subtypes was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with ER+ and/or PR+ subtype breast cancer.
The relationship between erythrocyte membrane n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and breast cancer risk is controversial. We aimed to examine the associations of erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA with odds of breast cancer among Chinese women by using a relatively large sample size. A case-control study was conducted including 853 newly diagnosed, histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 892 frequency-matched controls (5-year interval). Erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA were measured by gas chromatography. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to quantify the association between erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA and odds of breast cancer. Erythrocyte membrane α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and total n-3 PUFA were inversely and non-linearly associated with odds of breast cancer. The odds ratio (OR) values [95% confidence intervals (CIs)], comparing the highest with the lowest quartile (Q), were 0.57 (0.43-0.76), 0.43 (0.32-0.58) and 0.36 (0.27-0.49) for ALA, DPA and total n-3 PUFA, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) were linearly and inversely associated with odds of breast cancer [ (EPA: ORQ4vs.Q1 (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.45–0.79); DHA: ORQ4vs.Q1 (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.37–0.67)]. The inverse associations were observed between ALA and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and between DHA and ER+ breast cancer. This study showed that erythrocyte membrane total and individual n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of breast cancer. Other factors, such as menopause and hormone receptor status, may warrant further investigation when examining the association between n-3 PUFA and odds of breast cancer.
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