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Bopu powder® and Sangrovit® were developed from Macleayacordata and are widely used in agriculture and animal husbandry, but their impurities have been rarely reported in the literature. Impurity analysis is of great importance to the quality and safety of veterinary drugs. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a screening method was used to screen and characterize the impurities in Bopu powder® and Sangrovit®. A total of 58 impurities were screened from Bopu powder® and Sangrovit® using the screening strategies, of which 39 were identified by their accurate m/z value, characteristic MS/MS data, and fragmentation pathways of references. This established method was used for impurity analysis for the first time and proved to be a useful and rapid tool to screen and identify the impurities of Bopu powder® and Sangrovit®, especially for those at trace levels in a complex sample. In addition, this study marks the first comprehensive research into impurities in these two products and has great significance for the systematic detection of impurities in other plant-derived drugs.

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Rationale: Sanguinarine (SAN), as the main active component of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, have been widely used in animal husbandry and breeding industry. However, the metabolites of SA are still uncertain. Therefore, This research aimed to investigate the metabolites of SA based on rats in vivo. Methods: Blood, feces and urine of rats were collected after oral administration of 40 mg/kg SAN. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the metabolites of SAN. The elemental composition of sanguinarine metabolites was inferred by analyzing their exact molecular weight, and the metabolites’ structure were predicted based on their fragment ions and cleavage pathways. Results: A total of 12 metabolites were identified, including three metabolites in plasma, four in urine and nine in feces. Accord to the possible metabolic pathways deduced in this study, SAN was mainly metabolized by reduction, oxidation, demethylation, hydroxylation and glucuronidation. Conclusions: The present research have summarized the metabolism of SAN in rats, which is helpful to further study on metabolic mechanism of SAN in vivo and in vitro.

This letter describes a dual-amplified electrochemical sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay for the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) by using irregularly shaped gold nanoparticle-labeled horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-bound anti-CA125 as secondary antibodies. Compared with conventional sandwich-type immunoassays, the proposed immunoassay exhibits a low detection limit and wide linear range.