Continuous data scale growth increases energy consumption and operating cost that cannot be ignored in cloud storage systems. Previous studies have shown that analyzing the characteristics of I/O access and mining data features is effective for reasonable data distribution in storage systems. The granularity and criterion of classification are the key factors in determining the data distribution. To decrease energy consumption and operating cost, this paper puts forward a fine-grained framework of the climatic-season-based energy-aware in cloud storage system called CSEA. The framework concludes the following three aspects: (i) data feature mining. CSEA discovers potential data features by analyzing data access to provide help with data classification. (ii) K-means clustering algorithm. CSEA uses an unsupervised data classification algorithm in machine learning to divide data into categories based on seasonal characteristics by gathering real I/O access. (iii) data distribution of fine-grained. On the basis of seasonal features, CSEA fuses regional features to further refine the data distribution granularity to save on energy consumption and operating cost. Simulation experiments using extended CloudSimDisk and the constructed mathematical models indicate that CSEA reduces the energy consumption and operating cost compared with the single data classification standard and coarse-grained data distribution.
The concept of semi-sovereignty, a now obsolete category of international entities possessing limited sovereignty, remains hazily understood. However, the historical examination of how semi-sovereignty was defined and practised during the long nineteenth century can provide insights on the interplay between authority and control within the hierarchies of international relations. This paper examines one specific type of semi-sovereignty—namely, suzerainty—which is often used to describe China's traditional authority in Tibet and Mongolia. By examining the events that led to the acceptance of suzerainty as the legal framing for the China-Tibet and China-Mongolia relationships, I argue that suzerainty was a deliberately vague concept that could be used to create liminal international legal spaces to the advantage of Western states, and to mediate between competing claims of political authority. Finally, I point to the importance of semi-sovereignty as an arena of legal contestation between the Western and non-Western members of the “Family of Nations”.
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