Fibrosis is a common process of tissue repair response to multiple injuries in all chronic progressive diseases, which features with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrosis can occur in all organs and tends to be nonreversible with the progress of the disease. Different cells types in different organs are involved in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, that is, hepatic stellate cells, pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis, are closely related to organ fibrosis. Among these programmed cell death types, necroptosis, an emerging regulated cell death type, is regarded as a huge potential target to ameliorate organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role of necroptosis signalling in organ fibrosis and collate the small molecule compounds targeting necroptosis. In addition, we discuss the potential challenges, opportunities and open questions in using necroptosis signalling as a potential target for antifibrotic therapies.
Curcumin, a well-known hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has attracted great interest in the last ten years due to its multiple pharmacological activities. A growing body of evidence has manifested that curcumin has extensive pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxygenation, lipid regulation, antiviral, and anticancer with hypotoxicity and minor adverse reactions. However, the disadvantages of low bioavailability, short half-life in plasma, low drug concentration in blood, and poor oral absorption severely limited the clinical application of curcumin. Pharmaceutical researchers have carried out plenty of dosage form transformations to improve the druggability of curcumin and have achieved remarkable results. Therefore, the objective of this review summarizes the pharmacological research progress, problems in clinical application and the improvement methods of curcumin’s druggability. By reviewing the latest research progress of curcumin, we believe that curcumin has a broad clinical application prospect for its wide range of pharmacological activities with few side effects. The deficiencies of lower bioavailability of curcumin could be improved by dosage form transformation. However, curcumin in the clinical application still requires further study regarding the underlying mechanism and clinical trial verification.
Fibrosis is a common process of tissue repair response to multiple
injuries in all chronic progressive diseases, which featured with
excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Actually fibrosis can
occur in all organs and tends to be nonreversible with the progresses of
the diseases. Different cells types in different organs are involved in
the occurrence and development of fibrosis, i.e. hepatic stellate cell,
pancreatic stellate cell, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts. Present studies
have shown that several programmed cell deaths including apoptosis,
autophagy, ferroptosis, and necroptosis were closely related to organ
fibrosis. Among these programmed cell deathes type, necroptosis, an
emerging regulated cell death type were regard as a huge potential
target to ameliorate organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the
role of necroptosis signaling in organ fibrosis, and collected the
present small molecule compounds targeting necroptosis. In addition, we
have discussed the potential challenges, opportunities and open
questions in using necroptosis signaling as a potential target for
antifibrotic therapies.
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