Background. Uterus transplantation (UTx) is one of the potential methods to cure absolute uterine factor infertility of transgender. However, this mostly comes with many technological challenges. Methods. Left inguinal UTx was performed in 13 castrated male rats. End-to-end anastomosis of donor common iliac vessels to recipient femoral vessels was used for transsexual UTx. Sampling was performed on day 30 after transplantation. Grafts were used to analyze the histological changes. TUNEL assay was applied to stain the apoptotic cells. Immunological rejection was judged by flow cytometry. Results. Six uteri, 4 ovaries, and 4 upper vaginas were found at day 30 posttransplantation. Similar histological changes to proestrus, estrus, and diestrus of female rats were examined in the transplanted uteri. The histological changes of transplanted vaginas showed similarity to proestrus, estrus, and metestrus of the female rats. Follicles of different stages and corpus luteum with distinct morphological appearances were also observed. The TUNEL assay revealed a higher apoptosis of granulosa cells in transplanted ovaries compared with normal ovaries. Conclusions. A rat model of transsexual unilateral inguinal uterine transplantation in castrated rats was established, which will provide a reference for bilateral transsexual UTx in animals and genetically 46 XY individuals who wish to become real women through transsexual UTx.
Astrocytic tumours are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumour. Most astrocytic tumours will recur at some point after surgery. Currently, the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy does not prevent the recurrence of astrocytic tumours. In this study, we investigated the consistency in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), tumour protein p53 (TP53) and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutations during astrocytic tumour recurrence. We also evaluated the protein loss of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATRX) during disease recurrence. We then determined the prognostic significance of these findings in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Our results showed that in most cases, IDH1, TP53 and TERTp mutation status and MGMT and ATRX protein expression levels were stable during recurrence, which may indicate that these alterations occurred early in astrocytic tumour development. Furthermore, in IDH1 wild type group, the patients who were negative for MGMT and had a low Ki67 index showed a longer PFS. Therefore, we suggest that IDH1 mutation combined with MGMT expression level and Ki67 index might be an effective biomarker panel for evaluating the PFS of patients with astrocytic tumours.
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