Situation-Bound Utterances (SBUs), as a typical kind of idiomatic expression, have been well studied mainly in English, but to date have been little studied in Mandarin. What are the unique characteristics of Mandarin SBUs? What lies behind this uniqueness? To answer these questions requires uncovering the psychological reality of SBUs among Mandarin speakers and filtering out samples based on a clear definition. In this study, the socio-cognitive approach is taken. This approach synthesizes the advantages of a pragmatic and cognitive view of language communication in which concept and lexicon are viewed as two inter-related but mutually independent entities. SBUs act as an appropriate tangent point to illustrate the relationship between concepts and linguistic forms. Under such a perspective, the study of Mandarin SBUs in this paper will reinforce and complement the cognition of this unique linguistic phenomenon. This paper first defines SBUs according to certain maxims and then demonstrates various kinds of idiomatic expressions in Mandarin and clarifies the relationships among these expressions and SBUs. Thirty samples are filtered out through three approaches: individual reflection, collective contribution and reference consulting. The paper then sets three tests to confirm and reconfirm the selected thirty quasiSBUs. Finally, following a discussion of Mandarin SBUs vis-à-vis linguistic form, language policy and social-cultural factors, conclusions are posited as to why Mandarin SBUs are somewhat different from their English counterparts.
Misunderstanding is an old and open question especially in the linguistic domain, but few concerns have put on this important topic recently. To reconsider this problem and offer instructive views, the new theoretical perspective and approaches are needed. A new theory "socio-cognitive approach to pragmatics" (SCA) dubbed by Istvan Kecskes offers a fresh angle for understanding misunderstandings. Other than traditional pragmatics and cognitive pragmatics, SCA standing in the middle point tries to integrate them and explain linguistic phenomenon with both social and cognitive factors. This study tries to examine misunderstandings under SCA, especially its view of Common Ground Co-construction. First, it is assumed that the root cause of misunderstanding lies in egocentrism, which are both an intrinsic property of verbal communication and a mechanism of individual thinking. Then, with a detailed analysis of CG co-construction deficiency and misunderstandings from the perspective of CG co-constructionism of SCA, it is illustrated how egocentrism causes different misunderstandings. In so doing, this study digs out the root cause of misunderstanding by taking speaker and hearer as a whole, and considering both the social factors and cognitive factors, which is a fresh practice on the "speaker-hearer pragmatic model" of SCA.
With the development of the State Grid, the power lines, equipment and transmission scale are expanding. In order to ensure the stability and safety of electricity, it is necessary to patrol and inspect the power towers and other equipment. With the help of deep learning, neural networks can be used to learn the features in patrol image. In this paper, feature learning model named CNN Transformer Detect Anomalies (CTran_DA) is proposed to detect anomalies in patrol images. CTran_DA uses CNN to learn local features in the image, and uses Transformer to learn global features. This paper innovatively combines the advantages of CNN and Transformer to learn the local details as well as the global feature associations in images. By comparing experiments on out self-constructed dataset, the model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. Moreover, the Floating Point Operations (FLOPs) and parameters of the model in this paper are smaller than other algorithms. In general, CTran_DA is an efficient and lightweight model to detect anomalies in images.
With the enhancement of china's open-up policy, more attention have been paid to the translation of public signs, especially in the first-tier cities. How is it in medium-sized cities? Taking Zhanjiang as example,this study focuses on the number, correctness and appropriateness of public signs translation in medium-sized cities, and proposes the according suggestions.
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