Persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism, characterized by the presence of a uterus and fallopian tubes owing to failure of müllerian duct regression in genotypically normal males. The association between a persistent müllerian duct and transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is even more uncommon. PMDS with TTE is a very rare pathological association, often discovered during repair for inguinal hernia or cryptorchidism. We report 3 cases of Chinese patients with PMDS associated with TTE. Hysterectomy was performed, with resection of the underdeveloped fallopian tubes. Both gonads were placed into subdartos pouches in each scrotum by the transseptal approach. PMDS with TTE is a rarely encountered form of male pseudohermaphroditism usually unexpectedly found at surgery for cryptorchidism or inguinal hernia. Surgical treatment should avoid damage of fertile testes and vasa deferens.
Aims: In this work, we evaluated the performance of three pitches positron emission tomography (PET) detectors for building a high-resolution small-animal PET imaging experimental platform. Methods: The evaluation of PET detectors includes twodimensional crystal identification, energy resolution, and crystal look-up table. The nuclear instrumentation module and PXI data acquisition (DAQ) system were both used to obtain flood images. The energy spectrum of the Na-22 source was measured. PET detectors of 2.0 and 1.6 mm pitches used in our present experiment were composed of lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals directly coupled to position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs). The 1.3-mm pitch detector comprises a LYSO crystal, a tapered light-guide, and a PSPMT. The crystal sizes of the detectors were a 10 × 10 array of 2.0 × 2.0 × 10 mm 3 crystals, a 10 × 10 array of 1.6 × 1.6 × 10 mm 3 crystals, and an 18×18 array of 1.3×1.3×10 mm 3 crystals, respectively. Due to the lower sampling frequency of the DAQ system, a spline interpolation algorithm was introduced in the signal waveform to reconstruct the peak values. Results: The experimental results indicated that all three PET detector crystals could be clearly identified. A detailed analysis demonstrated that the key characteristic full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of the crystals profile could reach 0.46 ± 0.03, 0.32 ± 0.03, and 0.21 ± 0.02 mm, while the crystal average energy resolutions were 16.8% ± 1.76%, 20.1% ± 2.24%, and 31.5% ± 3.76%, which correspond to B YongZhi Yin yinyzh@lzu.edu.cn 1 School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China pitches of 2.0-, 1.6-, and 1.3-mm, respectively. Conclusions: The PET detector modules of LYSO crystal arrays could be potentially used in the small-animal PET imaging applications and are promising to achieve submillimeter PET images.
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