Nanocrystalline (NC) metals are stronger and more radiation-tolerant than their coarse-grained (CG) counterparts, but they often suffer from poor thermal stability as nanograins coarsen significantly when heated to 0.3 to 0.5 of their melting temperature (Tm). Here, we report an NC austenitic stainless steel (NC-SS) containing 1 at% lanthanum with an average grain size of 45 nm and an ultrahigh yield strength of ~2.5 GPa that exhibits exceptional thermal stability up to 1000 °C (0.75 Tm). In-situ irradiation to 40 dpa at 450 °C and ex-situ irradiation to 108 dpa at 600 °C produce neither significant grain growth nor void swelling, in contrast to significant void swelling of CG-SS at similar doses. This thermal stability is due to segregation of elemental lanthanum and (La, O, Si)-rich nanoprecipitates at grain boundaries. Microstructure dependent cluster dynamics show grain boundary sinks effectively reduce steady-state vacancy concentrations to suppress void swelling upon irradiation.
Despite
the essential role of ethylene carbonate (EC) in solid
electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, the high Li+ desolvation
barrier and melting point (36 °C) of EC impede lithium-ion battery
operation at low temperatures and induce sluggish Li+ reaction
kinetics. Here, we demonstrate an EC-free high salt concentration
electrolyte (HSCE) composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt
and tetrahydrofuran solvent with enhanced subzero temperature operation
originating from unusually rapid low-temperature Li+ transport.
Experimental and theoretical characterizations reveal the dominance
of intra-aggregate ion transport in the HSCE that enables efficient
low-temperature transport by increasing the exchange rate of solvating
counterions relative to that of solvent molecules. This electrolyte
also produces a <5 nm thick anion-derived LiF-rich SEI layer with
excellent graphite electrode compatibility and electrochemical performance
at subzero temperature in half-cells. Full cells based on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||graphite
with tailored HSCE electrolytes outperform state-of-the-art cells
comprising conventional EC electrolytes during charge–discharge
operation at an extreme temperature of −40 °C. These results
demonstrate the opportunities for creating intrinsically robust low-temperature
Li+ technology.
The integration of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 quantum dots on nanowire waveguides has enormous potential applications in nanophotonics, optical sensing, and quantum communications. On the other hand, CsPb2Br5 nanowires have also attracted a lot of attention due to their unique water stability and controversial luminescent property. Here, the growth of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals on CsPb2Br5 nanowires is reported first by simply immersing CsPbBr3 powder into pure water, CsPbBr3−γ Xγ (X = Cl, I) nanocrystals on CsPb2Br5−γ Xγ nanowires are then synthesized for tunable light sources. Systematic structure and morphology studies, including in situ monitoring, reveal that CsPbBr3 powder is first converted to CsPb2Br5 microplatelets in water, followed by morphological transformation from CsPb2Br5 microplatelets to nanowires, which is a kinetic dissolution–recrystallization process controlled by electrolytic dissociation and supersaturation of CsPb2Br5. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are spontaneously formed on CsPb2Br5 nanowires when nanowires are collected from the aqueous solution. Raman spectroscopy, combined photoluminescence, and SEM imaging confirm that the bright emission originates from CsPbBr3−γ Xγ nanocrystals while CsPb2Br5−γ Xγ nanowires are transparent waveguides. The intimate integration of nanoscale light sources with a nanowire waveguide is demonstrated through the observation of the wave guiding of light from nanocrystals and Fabry–Perot interference modes of the nanowire cavity.
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