In the previous studies on roll angle (ROLL) measurements which are based on the concept of the combination of a diffraction grating displacement technique and a laser heterodyne interferometry, there is always a lack of ideally functional retro-reflectors and corresponding optical configurations resulting in misalignment and unconfident monitoring. To overcome this problem, a differential-grating plane-mirror heterodyne interferometer is proposed in this paper, in which the grating displacement sensing method is utilized to promote angular interferometry as a reliable ROLL measurement. The working mechanism is thoroughly demonstrated through the theoretical derivation and performance analysis. In particular, the exploited configuration here including a differential grating with excellent robustness and a plane mirror with doubled resolution enables improved performance compared with the existing methods. Furthermore, a corresponding prototype is also developed to validate the proposed method successfully. So, it features merits such as an ultra-high resolution up to 1 nrad, a high sampling rate of kHz and easy practicability, which is significant for high-accuracy and real-time ROLL monitoring and compensation for advanced manufacturing and scientific instruments.
Owing to the parasitic vibration effect of the cooling medium and pipes of X-ray optics, the vibration decoupling cooling method based on eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy has become very crucial for fourth generation synchrotron radiation advanced light sources. However, there is an issue that the corrosion of the EGaIn alloy to the heat sink metal [e.g., copper (Cu) plate] results in the solidification and the failure of eliminating the parasitic vibration effect. To deal with the problem, a novel anti-corrosion coating based on tungsten (W) is presented in this paper. It possesses better corrosion resistance performance compared with the traditional coating of nickel (Ni). The experimental investigation was carried out, in which the EGaIn alloy was exposed to several typical metal materials in conditions of various time durations and various temperatures, which were considered as controls. Furthermore, the corrosion effects are analyzed and evaluated in two aspects of micromorphology and the chemical composition by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope as well as x-ray diffraction. The results show that non obvious corrosion occurred for W, 0.33 mm and 48 µm thick transition micro-area, respectively, for Cu and Ni. In addition, new substances CuGa2 and Ni3Ga7 occurred, respectively, for Cu and Ni for 36 hours at 250 °C. The EGaIn alloy will freeze after corroding 18 µm substrate for Ni or 30 µm for Cu. Furthermore, the W coating that was prepared by magnetron sputtering has been implemented for feasibility validation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.