LTE deployment is being accelerated due to its improved radio access structure meeting the requirements of current and next generation of wireless networks. Its low band application presents useful aspects such as low density of base station while providing good in-building penetration. In this work, we design and develop a dual-polarized base station antenna supporting 698 MHz to 960 MHz with an azimuth-plan half-power beam width of 90° covering all mainstream LTE 700/800/900 MHz frequency bands representing the widest low frequency range being actively used in the current mobile communication industry. In the design process, rigorous algorithm based on swarm method is developed to tune the electrical performances under strict base station antenna requirements. Experimental results from pattern tests demonstrate the design analysis and the significant advantages of using swarm method in the antenna development process.
Ultra‐wideband high‐gain dipole antennas are urgently desired for mobile communications. A novel fractal‐evolved dipole called modified hexagonal Sierpinski grid carpet dipole, of which size is about 1.5λ in upper band is developed. With self‐similarity and periodicity of fractal geometry, the dipole antenna is excellent in performances. It has an ultra‐wide bandwidth and high gain, due to a so‐called ‘array effect of element antenna’. It presents a gain as high as 12.7 dBi and stable unidirectional radiation patterns within band of 2.0–3.93 GHz (BW = 65.1%). In addition, the dipole also has good cross‐polarisation differentiation, high efficiency, high front‐to‐back‐ratio, small size, low‐profile (0.156λL), and light weight. A prototype was fabricated from a plastic body by 3D printing technology and then electroplated on the surface. Then, the sample was measured and compared with simulation results, and good agreements are obtained between them. So, correctness and validity of the design methodology are verified successfully. Due to these remarkable advantages, the fractal antenna is attractive to many radio services, such as mobile communications, defence and military, public security, aeronautics and aerospace, and so on.
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