A new hyper-chaotic system is presented in this paper by adding a smooth flux-controlled memristor and a cross-product item into a three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. It is exciting that this new memristive system can show a four-wing hyperchaotic attractor with a line equilibrium. The dynamical behaviors of the proposed system are analyzed by Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram and Poincaré maps. Then, by using the topological horseshoe theory and computer-assisted proof, the existence of hyperchaos in the system is verified theoretically. Finally, an electronic circuit is designed to implement the hyperchaotic memristive system.
In this paper, a new simple 4D smooth autonomous system is proposed, which illustrates two interesting rare phenomena: first, this system can generate a four-wing hyperchaotic and a four-wing chaotic attractor and second, this generation occurs under condition that the system has only one equilibrium point at the origin. The dynamic analysis approach in the paper involves time series, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, and Poincaré maps, to investigate some basic dynamical behaviors of the proposed 4D system. The physical existence of the fourwing hyperchaotic attractor is verified by an electronic circuit. Finally, it is shown that the fractional-order S. Dadras · H.R. Momeni ( ) Automation and Instruments Lab, form of the system can also generate a chaotic fourwing attractor.
BackgroundWith the development of surgical technics, endoscopic thyroid surgery has been gradually accepted and utilized in thyroid disease treatment, including thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the learning curve for endoscopic hemithyroidectomy (EHT) with ipsilateral central neck dissection (CND) and investigate how many cases must be performed before a surgeon becomes competent and proficient in this approach.MethodsNinety-nine consecutive patients who underwent EHT with ipsilateral CND for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma by a single surgeon between June 2015 and October 2017 were analyzed. Multidimensional cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis was performed to evaluate the learning curve.ResultsThe CUSUM graph showed the learning curve ascended in the first 31 cases and declined in the following cases. The number of lymph nodes removed in phase 2 (the following 68 cases) was significantly more than that in phase 1 (the first 31 cases) (5.06 ± 1.44 vs. 4.19 ± 1.51, P = 0.001). The operation time in phase 2 was shorter than that in phase 1 (123.38 ± 12.71 min vs. 132.90 ± 13.95 min, P = 0.008) and the rate of accidental removal of parathyroid gland decreased from 35.5% in phase 1 to 16.2% in phase 2 (P = 0.040). There was a declining trend but no significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications (9.7% in phase 2 vs. 4.4% in phase 1, P = 0.309).ConclusionEHT with ipsilateral CND performed by surgeons was mastered after 31 cases, and the safety and feasibility of this endoscopic approach can also be demonstrated.
ATP8B1 gene mutations play an important role in Chinese patients with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and low GGT. The linked mutation P209T and IVS6+5G>T is a hot mutation in the Chinese population. Histological examination may be helpful in differentiating familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 from bile salt export pump-related disease.
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