Objective To assess the effect of chronic endometritis (CE) diagnosed by CD138 staining on the aggravation of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), and the reproductive prognosis after transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA). Methods Sixty‐three patients with severe IUAs (group A) and 119 patients with moderate IUAs (group B) were included in this retrospective study. TCRA and endometrial biopsy with CD138 staining were performed. Participants in each group were classified into two subgroups: CE group and NCE group (without CE). Patients were treated with a course of oral antibiotics for 2 weeks after TCRA. Embryo transfer would be performed if patients had embryos after operations. Results Increased incidence of CE was found in group A (18/63, 28.57%) compared with group B (18/119, 15.13%) (P = 0.030). No significant differences were found in the comparisons of chemical pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, or full‐term pregnancy rate between the CE group and NCE group (P > 0.05), in either the subgroup analysis of group A and group B, or the total analysis. Conclusion CE has a positive correlation with the aggravation of IUAs. CE did not have a negative impact on the reproductive prognosis of patients with moderate or severe IUAs after TCRA followed by antibiotic administration.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a local inflammation of the endometrium that is recognized as the infiltration of plasma cells into endometrial stromal area. 1 The review by Kimura et al. 2 showed that CE occurs in 2.8%-56.8% of infertile patients and in 14%-67.5% of patients with recurrent implantation failure. It was still unclear whether CE had a negative effect on infertility. Research by Kasius et al. 3 showed no