This paper studies the sonocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in water using FeCeO-catalyzed ultrasound. The effects of pre-adsorption and gas addition were investigated. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption, SEM, XRD, Raman and XPS analyses of FeCeO before and after sonication were characterized. The proposed mechanism was based on the microstructure changes of FeCeO and reactive-species-scavenging performances. The results show that FeCeO has excellent performance in catalyzing an ultrasonic system in water, and 80% of diclofenac was removed in 30min ([Diclofenac]=20mg/L, FeCeO amount=0.5g/L, pH=6, ultrasonic density=3.0W/cm, ultrasonic frequency=20kHz, temperature=298K). The Fe, Ce, and O elements remained highly dispersed in the structure of FeCeO, and the solid solution structure of FeCeO remained stable after the reaction. Ce (III) was gradually oxidized to Ce (IV) and Fe (III) was gradually reduced to Fe (II) after the reaction, which indicates that Fe and Ce ions with different valences coexisted in dynamic equilibrium. The amount of oxygen vacancies in FeCeO significantly decreased after the reaction, which indicates that oxygen vacancy participated in the ultrasonic process. Singlet oxygen O was the primary reactive species in the degradation process, and the hydroxyl radicals OH and superoxide radical anion O also participated in the reaction. FeCeO had excellent chemical stability with negligible leaching ions in the ultrasonic process.
a b s t r a c tThis paper studied the removal of diclofenac in FeCeO x catalyzed ultrasonic system. The effects of initial pH, temperature, ultrasonic density and FeCeO x dosage were investigated. Under optimum conditions (pH of 6, temperature of 298 K, ultrasonic density of 2.4 W/cm 3 , and FeCeO x dosage of 0.7 g/L), more than 80% removal of diclofenac was achieved within 10 min. The kinetic of FeCeO x catalyzed ultrasonic process fitted Behnajady model very well and the reaction rate constant achieved 0.595 min -1 . The dechlorination efficiency was more than 70% and the kinetic of dechlorination followed pseudo-second order model. The reaction mechanism was proposed based on the existence of surface cerium and iron and the abundant oxygen vacancies in the FeCeO x catalyst. Ce(III) and Fe(III) could accept the electrons transferred by oxygen vacancy and the generated 1 O 2 could attack diclofenac molecules, resulting in their mineralization to inorganic products.
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