Summary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes Burkitt, Hodgkin, and post-transplant B cell lymphomas. How EBV remodels metabolic pathways to support rapid B cell outgrowth remains largely unknown. To gain insights, primary human B cells were profiled by tandem-mass-tag-based proteomics at rest and at nine time points after infection; >8,000 host and 29 viral proteins were quantified, revealing mitochondrial remodeling and induction of one-carbon (1C) metabolism. EBV-encoded EBNA2 and its target MYC were required for upregulation of the central mitochondrial 1C enzyme MTHFD2, which played key roles in EBV-driven B cell growth and survival. MTHFD2 was critical for maintaining elevated NADPH levels in infected cells, and oxidation of mitochondrial NADPH diminished B cell proliferation. Tracing studies underscored contributions of 1C to nucleotide synthesis, NADPH production, and redox defense. EBV upregulated import and synthesis of serine to augment 1C flux. Our results highlight EBV-induced 1C as a potential therapeutic target and provide a new paradigm for viral onco-metabolism.

Organic room temperature luminescent materials present a unique phosphorescence emission with a long lifetime. However, many of these materials only emit single blue or green color in spite of external stimulation, and their color tunability is limited. Herein, we report a rational design to extend the emission color range from blue to red by controlling the doping of simple pyrene derivatives into a robust polymer matrix. The integration of these pyrene molecules into the polymer films enhances the intersystem crossing pathway, decreases the first triplet level of the system, and ensures the films show a sensitive response to excitation energy, finally yielding excitation‐dependent long‐life luminescent polymeric systems under ambient conditions. These materials were used to construct anti‐counterfeiting patterns with multicolor interconversion, presenting a promising application potential in the field of information security.

Polymer-based room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with high flexibility and large-area producibility are highly promising for applications in organic electronics. However, achieving such photophysical materials is challenging because of difficulties in populating and stabilizing susceptible triplet excited states at room temperature. Herein large-area, flexible, transparent, and long-lived RTP systems prepared by doping rationally selected organic chromophores in a poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix were realized through a hydrogen-bonding and coassembly strategy. In particular, the 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole (DPCz)-doped PVA film shows long-lived phosphorescence emission (up to 2044.86 ms) and a remarkable duration of afterglow (over 20 s) under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, the 7H-dibenzo­[c,g]­carbazole (DBCz)-doped PVA film exhibits high absolute luminance of 158.4 mcd m2 after the ultraviolet excitation source is removed. The RTP results not only from suppressing the nonradiative decay by abundant hydrogen-bonding interactions in the PVA matrix but also from minimizing the energy gap (ΔE ST) between the singlet state and the triplet state through the coassembly effect. On account of the outstanding mechanical properties and the afterglow performance of these RTP materials, they were applied in the fabrication of flexible 3D objects with repeatable folding and curling properties. Importantly, the multichannel afterglow light-emitting diode arrays were established under ambient conditions. The present long-lived phosphorescent systems demonstrate a bright opportunity for the production of large-area, flexible, and transparent emitting materials.

Organic long‐persistent luminescence (OLPL) materials have attracted wide attention on account of their fascinating luminescence properties, presenting application prospects in the fields of bioimaging, information security, displays, anti‐counterfeiting, and so on. Some effective strategies have been developed to promote the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the excited singlet state to triplet state and limit nonradiative transition, and thus OLPL materials with long lifetime (more than 1s) and high quantum yield have been explored. However, OLPL materials with dynamic and excitation‐dependent characteristics are rarely reported. In this work, two novel polyphosphazene derivatives containing carbazolyl units are designed and synthesized successfully, and then they are doped into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films to achieve polymeric long‐persistent luminescence (PLPL). Unexpectedly, excitation‐dependent PLPL (ED‐PLPL) is obtained under ambient conditions (in air at room temperature), and the persistent luminescence color can be changed from blue to green upon varying the excitation wavelength. At the same time, a dynamic cycle of ED‐PLPL is realized based on the formation and destruction of hydrogen bonding interactions between the PVA chains and polyphosphazene phosphor. This work provides a new strategy for the design of color‐tunable polymeric luminescent materials under ambient conditions.

We propose an efficient method to synthesize large-scale soluble acidified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The as-prepared material exhibits the characteristics of a poly-ammonium salt and is soluble in several solvents with good dissolution-recrystallization reversible equilibrium. The pH value- and temperature-dependent solubility of the acidified g-C3N4 facilitates its separation and purification. After dissolution, acidified g-C3N4 forms isolated ultrathin nanosheets, making it an ideal precursor for large quantities of g-C3N4 nanosheets. This study raises the possibility of liquid assembly for g-C3N4 nanosheets based composite materials, expanding the functionalization and application of g-C3N4.

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has drawn extensive attention in recent years. Efficient stimulus-responsive phosphorescent organic materials are attractive, but are extremely rare because of unclear design principles and intrinsically spin-forbidden intersystem crossing. Herein, we present a feasible and facile strategy to achieve ultraviolet irradiation-responsive ultralong RTP (IRRTP) of some simple organic phosphors by doping into amorphous poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. In addition to the observed green and yellow afterglow emission with distinct irradiation-enhanced phosphorescence, the phosphorescence lifetime can be tuned by varying the irradiation period of 254 nm light. Significantly, the dynamic phosphorescence lifetime could be increased 14.3 folds from 58.03 ms to 828.81 ms in one of the obtained hybrid films after irradiation for 45 min under ambient conditions. As such, the application in polychromatic screen printing and multilevel information encryption is demonstrated. The extraordinary IRRTP in the amorphous state endows these systems with a highly promising potential for smart flexible luminescent materials and sensors with dynamically controlled phosphorescence.

BackgroundAs the fifth most common cancer worldwide, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also the third most common cause of cancer-related death in China. Several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to be associated with occurrence and prognosis of HCC. However, identification of prognostic lncRNA signature for HCC with expression profiling data has not been conducted yet.MethodsWith the reuse of public available TCGA data, expression profiles of lncRNA for 371 patients with HCC were obtained and analyzed to find the independent prognostic lncRNA. Based on the expression of lncRNA, we developed a risk score model, which was evaluated by survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Enrichment analysis was performed to predict the possible role of the identified lncRNA in HCC prognosis.ResultsFour lncRNAs (RP11-322E11.5, RP11-150O12.3, AC093609.1, CTC-297N7.9) were found to be significantly and independently associated with survival of HCC patients. We used these four lncRNAs to construct a risk score model, which exhibited a strong ability to distinguish patients with significantly different prognosis (HR = 2.718, 95% CI [2.103–3.514], p = 2.32e−14). Similar results were observed in the subsequent stratification survival analysis for HBV infection status and pathological stage. The ROC curve also implied our risk score as a good indicator for 5-year survival prediction. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed that the four signature lncRNAs may be involved in multiple pathways related to tumorigenesis and prognosis.DiscussionOur study recognized four lncRNAs to be significantly associated with prognosis of liver cancer, and could provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms of HCC progression. Additionally, CTC-297N7.9 may influence the downstream TMEM220 gene expression through cis-regualtion. Nevertheless, further well-designed experimental studies are needed to validate our findings.

Ammonia generation through N2 molecule reduction under ambient conditions has attracted tremendous attention because of the enormous energy input and continuous CO2 emissions of the traditional Haber–Bosch process. Photocatalytic and electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to NH3 production using sustainable energy sources are fascinating approaches to respond to these issues. However, the state-of-the-art photocatalysis and electrocatalysis toward NH3 production is far away from the industrial requirement because of poor catalytic activity. Hence, rationally designed high-efficiency catalysts are urgently demanded to promote practical applications. Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has drawn considerable focus because of its unusual properties, such as visible-light response and high pyridinic nitrogen content. This Review provides the most recent progress on constructing PCN-based photocatalysts and electrocatalysts via various design strategies, including vacancy creations, doping, and incorporation, to mediate its applications in NRR. On the basis of theoretical simulations, the insights into mechanism pathways of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic NH3 evolution are presented to provide guidance for engineering PCN-based catalysts. Subsequently, the remaining challenges and future prospects of further development in this research field are also highlighted. It can be foreseen that this Review will shed some light on the development of more potential PCN-based catalysts toward NRR and offer instructive information for further understanding the structure–performance correlations.