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Although androgen deprivation therapy may initially be effective in prostate cancer, the disease can gradually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer, at which point chemotherapy becomes the major clinical strategy. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-cancer potential of a novel 3',5'-diprenylated chalcone (C10), which selectively inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells in vitro and in vivo. C10 treatment elevated the proportion of PC3 cells in sub-G1 phase and induced programmed cell death. Interestingly, C10 elicited concurrent Caspase-dependent apoptotic and gasdermin E-dependent pyroptotic events. RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analyses revealed a strong correlation between protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) and mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway activation in prostate cancer. PKCδ silencing in PC3 cells suppressed the activation of the JNK pathway and the expression of its downstream genes, including Bax, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, which are involved in apoptotic and pyroptotic processes. Moreover, in PC3 cell xenograft tumor tissues, C10 treatment inhibited tumor growth and upregulated PKCδ. These findings suggest that C10 treatment induces the PKCδ/JNK pathway, thereby activating Caspase-3 and inducing the cleavage of PARP and gasdermin E to execute apoptosis and cell-lytic pyroptosis in prostate cancer cells.

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A series of quercetin glycosides as the analogues of 3,5,5'-trimethyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylquercetin (8) were synthesized, their structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and MS. The inhibitory activities of those compounds against α-glucosidase were evaluated in vitro, in particular, the compounds V-c and V-d-2 showed promising bioactivities with IC50 of 19.4 μmol•L-1 and 19.7 μmol•L-1 , are much higher than 8 (IC50 > 100 μmol•L-1). This research will provide a reference in the study of the synthetic methods and hypoglycemic activity for the quercetin glycosides. Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder characterized by insufficient secretion or inefficient processing of hormonal insulin and it is becoming the third leading cause of death, after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. 1 The number of people with diabetes has increased from 153 million in 1980 to 382 million in 2013. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicted that the number of people with diabetes will increase to 435 million in 2030. 2 One of therapeutics for diabetes is inhibition of α-glucosidase which is the key enzyme of carbohydrate digestion by specifically hydrolyzing the α-glucopyranoside bond to release α-D-glucose from the non-reducing end of the sugar. Therefore, the inhibition of α-glucosidase is an effective approach in preventing and treating diabetes through reduction of postprandial hyperglycaemia. 3,4 At present, though some inhibitors have potent effect on α-glucosidase, the corresponding side effects cannot be ignored. For example, acarbose probably causes abdominal distension, flatulence and meteorism. 5 In recent years, large amount of synthetic chemicals or natural products have been screened to get more effective and safe α-glucosidase inhibitors. 6 Searching lead compounds from natural products