We propose and analyze a new approach based on parity-time (PT ) symmetric microcavities with balanced gain and loss to enhance the performance of cavity-assisted metrology. We identify the conditions under which PT -symmetric microcavities allow to improve sensitivity beyond what is achievable in loss-only systems. We discuss its application to the detection of mechanical motion, and show that the sensitivity is significantly enhanced in the vicinity of the transition point from unbroken-to broken-PT regimes. We believe that our results open a new direction for PT -symmetric physical systems and it may find use in ultra-high precision metrology and sensing.PACS numbers: 42.65. Yj, 06.30.Ft, 42.50.Wk Introduction.-The measurement of physical quantities with high precision is the subject of metrology. This has attracted much attention due to the increasing interest in, e.g., gravitational wave detection [1], sensing of nanostructures [2,3], as well as global positioning and navigation [4,5]. Developments in metrology over the past two decades have provided the necessary tools to determine the fundamental limits of measuring physical quantities and the resources required to achieve them [6,7].Among many different approaches, cavity-assisted metrology (CAM), where a high-quality (Q) factor cavity or resonator is coupled to a device under test (DUT), has emerged as a versatile and efficient experimental approach to achieve high-precision measurements. In CAM, the coupling between the resonator and the DUT manifests itself as a back-action-induced resonance frequency shift, resonance mode splitting, or a sideband in the output transmission spectrum [8]. Cavity-assisted metrology has been successfully applied for reading out the state of a qubit [9], measuring tiny mechanical motions [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17]42], and detecting nanoparticles with single-particle resolution [18,19].The readout signal (i.e., the transmission spectrum) of CAM is determined by the sum between the background spectrum of the cavity and the back-action spectrum of the DUT. The background spectrum is determined by the Q of the cavity whereas the back-action spectrum is determined by the strength of the cavity- * Electronic address: jing-zhang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn † Electronic address: ozdemir@ese.wustl.edu DUT coupling (also dependent on Q) and the quantity to be measured. A broad background spectrum masks the back-action spectrum and decreases signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [ Fig. 1(a)]. A higher coupling-strength between the cavity and the DUT and a higher Q of the cavity will be helpful to detect very weak signals and enable to resolve fine structures in the output spectra [ Fig. 1(b)]. A higher Q is also necessary to enhance the coupling strength between the cavity and the DUT. For example, for optomechanical resonators, the detection of tiny motions requires a strong optomechanical coupling, which is only possible with an high Q-factor. Therefore, CAM will benefit significantly from a narrower background spectrum which is fundamentally...
The oxide phosphor (Y1-xDyx)2O3(x=0-0.1) was obtained by calcining their respective precursors synthesized by homogeneous precipitation technique using rare earth nitrate as mother salt and urea as precipitating agent. The particle shape/size, fluorescent properties (especially the influence of Dy3+ concentration and calcination temperature) of the product was studied in detail. The results showed that the precursors exhibit monodisperse spherical morphology whose size can be controlled by adjusting the urea content. The phase pure (Y1-xDyx)2O3 can be obtained by calcining precursor at least 600 °C, and the monodisperse spherical morphology can be kept at even high temperature of 1000 °C. The (Y1-xDyx)2O3 phosphors exhibit strong yellow emission at ~577 nm (4F9/2→6H13/2 transition of Dy3+) and blue emission at ~491 nm (4F9/2→6H15/2 transition of Dy3+) upon optimal excitation wavelength of ~352 nm. The quenching concentration of Dy3+ was determined to be ~2 at% (x=0.02). The emission intensity of (Y1-xDyx)2O3 phosphors can be improved with the temperature and particle size increasing
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