Extensive effort is being made into cathode materials for sodium‐ion battery to address several fatal issues, which restrict their future application in practical sodium‐ion full cell system, such as their unsatisfactory initial Coulombic efficiency, inherent deficiency of cyclable sodium content, and poor industrial feasibility. A novel air‐stable O3‐type Na[Li0.05Mn0.50Ni0.30Cu0.10Mg0.05]O2 is synthesized by a coprecipitation method suitable for mass production followed by high‐temperature annealing. The microscale secondary particle, consisting of numerous primary nanocrystals, can efficiently facilitate sodium‐ion transport due to the short diffusion distance, and this cathode material also has inherent advantages for practical application because of its superior physical properties. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 172 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and remarkable capacity retention of 70.4% after 1000 cycles at 20 C. More importantly, it offers good compatibility with pristine hard carbon as anode in the sodium‐ion full cell system, delivering a high energy density of up to 215 W h kg−1 at 0.1 C and good rate performance. Owing to the high industrial feasibility of the synthesis process, good compatibility with pristine hard carbon anode, and excellent electrochemical performance, it can be considered as a promising active material to promote progress toward sodium‐ion battery commercialization.
Aims/hypothesis In humans, one of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes is a reduced plasma concentration of HDL and its major protein component, apolipoprotein A
SummaryLoss of strength in human and animal models of aging can be partially attributed to a well‐recognized decrease in muscle mass; however, starting at middle‐age, the normalized force (force/muscle cross‐sectional area) in the knee extensors and single muscle fibers declines in a curvilinear manner. Strength is lost faster than muscle mass and is a more consistent risk factor for disability and death. Reduced expression of the voltage sensor Ca2+ channel α1 subunit (Cav1.1) with aging leads to excitation–contraction uncoupling, which accounts for a significant fraction of the decrease in skeletal muscle function. We recently reported that in addition to its classical cytoplasmic location, fast skeletal muscle troponin T3 (TnT3) is fragmented in aging mice, and both full‐length TnT3 (FL‐TnT3) and its carboxyl‐terminal (CT‐TnT3) fragment shuttle to the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that it regulates transcription of Cacna1s, the gene encoding Cav1.1. Knocking down TnT3 in vivo downregulated Cav1.1. TnT3 downregulation or overexpression decreased or increased, respectively, Cacna1s promoter activity, and the effect was ablated by truncating the TnT3 nuclear localization sequence. Further, we mapped the Cacna1s promoter region and established the consensus sequence for TnT3 binding to Cacna1s promoter. Systemic administration of BDA‐410, a specific calpain inhibitor, prevented TnT3 fragmentation, and Cacna1s and Cav1.1 downregulation and improved muscle force generation in sedentary old mice.
Aims/hypothesis: Adiponectin is an adipocytederived hormone that plays a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes via interaction with adiponectin receptors 1 (ADIPOR1) and 2 (ADIPOR2). Rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) agonist that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that rosiglitazone regulates lipid and glucose metabolism through modulation of the expression of adiponectin receptors in the liver. Methods: The expression of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 was analysed in HepG2 hepatocytes. The promoters of adiponectin receptors were isolated and used to analyse the transcriptional regulation. The expression of adiponectin receptors in the liver was determined in mice treated with rosiglitazone. Results: Rosiglitazone elevated the mRNA and protein levels of ADIPOR2 and stimulated ADIPOR2 promoter in HepG2 cells. Analysis with the ADIPOR2 promoter revealed a putative rosiglitazone-responsive region that contained a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-binding element. The GR agonist dexamethasone synergised with rosiglitazone to stimulate the ADIPOR2 promoter wheras the GR antagonist RU486 abolished this stimulation. Treatment of mice with rosiglitazone elevated the expression of ADIPOR2 in the liver. Conclusions/interpretation: This study indicates that rosiglitazone can elevate the expression of ADIPOR2 in hepatocytes. Our data also suggest that the PPARG agonist rosiglitazone can interact functionally with a GR element in the ADIPOR2 promoter to mediate stimulation of transcription. This study thus reveals a new paradigm underlying the therapeutic effect of PPARG activators in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Slow skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT1) pre-messenger RNA alternative splicing (AS) provides transcript diversity and increases the variety of proteins the gene encodes. Here, we identified three major TNNT1 splicing patterns (AS1-3), quantified their expression in the vastus lateralis muscle of older adults, and demonstrated that resistance training modifies their relative abundance; specifically, upregulating AS1 and downregulating AS2 and AS3. In addition, abundance of TNNT1 AS2 correlated negatively with single muscle fiber-specific force after resistance training, while abundance of AS1 correlated negatively with V max. We propose that TNNT1 AS1, AS2 and the AS1/AS2 ratio are potential quantitative biomarkers of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance training in older adults, and that their profile reflects enhanced single fiber muscle force in the absence of significant increases in fiber cross-sectional area.
Nanostructed mesoporous CuO/γ-Al2O3 granular sorbents were prepared by the sol−gel method.
Performance of the sol−gel-derived CuO/γ-Al2O3 sorbents for SO2 removal was studied in a fixed-bed adsorption system. SO2 breakthrough curves with a feed stream of air containing 2000
ppm SO2 were measured at different temperatures (300−500 °C) and flow rates (interstitial
velocity of 0.25−6.96 cm/s). The optimum sulfation and regeneration temperature on the sol−gel-derived sorbent was found to be 400 °C. The properties of the sol−gel-derived sorbents are
compared with a similar sorbent from a commercial source used in the pilot-scale copper oxide
flue gas desulfurization process. At high temperatures (>400 °C) the sol−gel-derived CuO
sorbents exhibit catalytic properties for converting SO2 to SO3. The crush strength of the sol−gel-derived sorbents is about 5 times that of the commercial sample, while the attrition rate of
the former is about 4−10 times smaller than the latter. The SO2 sorption capacity of the sol−gel-derived sorbent is about 3 times that of the commercial sorbent with a similar amount of
CuO loading. The better mechanical properties and higher sulfation capacity of the sol−gel-derived alumina-supported copper oxide sorbents are due to their unique microstructure and
the method used for coating CuO. The sulfation and regeneration study shows good regenerability and stability of the sol−gel-derived CuO/γ-Al2O3 sorbents.
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