This article explores the development of religious relations in modern post-Soviet republics with reference to mobility and the imprint of the influence of the Soviet regime. Populations with different religious beliefs in Kazakhstan are reflective of the country’s geographical position and the migrations and deportations during the Soviet regime. This article aims to identify and reveal the processes of transformation of religious thinking and beliefs of ethnic minorities in the USSR, as well as to uncover the notion of transformation of ethnic identity and self-consciousness. The leading approaches to the study of this topic are the descriptive method, the method of historiographical analysis and synthesis, as well as the problem-chronological approach. In addition, the article presents an analysis of various normative acts, examines the development of the Soviet regime’s pressure on religious institutions and organisations of national minorities.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the causes of political conflicts in world his-tory and ways to solve them. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that political conflict is understood as an attempt to overcome the stagnation of the development of the state or society as a whole. This study is based on the use of a set of approaches, norms, directions of various industries, and theoretical and methodological developments of different authors, in addition, the authors independently determined their own specific approaches, conceptual foundations and author understanding of a particular study. The authors show that overcoming a political conflict is possible both by coordinating the positions of various political forces and by external coercion in an armed conflict. The article shows that when using methods of external conflict resolution, political agreements in the country are completely leveled, and at the same time, the creation of a new political field is required. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the use of local conflict resolution methods will fully implement state development strategies that will contribute to the formation of a sustainable society.
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