Using data from 83 isolates from a single population, the population genomics of the microcrustacean are described and compared to current knowledge for the only other well-studied invertebrate, These two species are quite similar with respect to effective population sizes and mutation rates, although some features of recombination appear to be different, with linkage disequilibrium being elevated at short ([Formula: see text] bp) distances in and at long distances in The study population adheres closely to the expectations under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and reflects a past population history of no more than a twofold range of variation in effective population size. Fourfold redundant silent sites and a restricted region of intronic sites appear to evolve in a nearly neutral fashion, providing a powerful tool for population genetic analyses. Amino acid replacement sites are predominantly under strong purifying selection, as are a large fraction of sites in UTRs and intergenic regions, but the majority of SNPs at such sites that rise to frequencies [Formula: see text] appear to evolve in a nearly neutral fashion. All forms of genomic sites (including replacement sites within codons, and intergenic and UTR regions) appear to be experiencing an [Formula: see text] higher level of selection scaled to the power of drift in , but this may in part be a consequence of recent demographic changes. These results establish as an excellent system for future work on the evolutionary genomics of natural populations.
The relationship between diversity and stability is a classic issue in ecology, but no general consensus has been achieved. To address this relationship, a field survey of a forest in Northeast China was conducted. The temporary stability was defined from the perspective of community characteristics. The results showed that communities with the highest temporary stability value were characterized by a single dominant species. A significant linear relationship with a low R2 value was observed between temporary stability and tree richness. When dominant and non-dominant tree species were studied, no significant linear relationship was obtained between temporary stability and non-dominant tree richness. However, the relationship between temporary stability and dominant tree richness was significant with a high R2 value, and the temporary stability decreased with increasing dominant tree richness. This study demonstrates that dominant tree richness is closely related to temporary stability, and temporary stability can serve as a stability indicator. The results provide a new perspective for understanding stability and additional information for revealing the relationship between diversity and stability in forest ecosystems.
The study of population genetic structure and historical dynamics of species with disjunct distribution can reveal the mechanisms through with they were formed. Pinus densiflora is an essential tree species with ecological and economic value, and its natural distribution shows a disjunct pattern. Using transcriptome-level SNP data from 220 samples representing 32 naturally-distributed populations in East Asia, we investigated Pinus densiflora genetic diversity and structure, divergence time, and ancestral distribution. We identified five subpopulations which diverged approximately 2.02–1.49 million years ago, and found relatively low genetic differentiation among the three large subpopulations (SL, JH, and JK). Northeast China is the most likely origin, and its current distribution is the result of dispersal and vicariance events. It migrated southwest through the Liaodong Peninsula to the Shandong Peninsula and southeast through the Korean Peninsula to Japan. These results provide a basis for the conservation and management of P. densiflora in the future and the evolutionary study of species with similar life histories.
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