Flexible artificial nociceptors and pressure sensory alarm system were fabricated using a memristor based on biopolymers extracted from the seaweed.

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quantum yield (PL QY) of 93.3%; the highest yield to date among the blue-emitting CDs. [21] Sun and co-workers developed a CD synthesis technique using multicolored emission through controlled graphitization and surface functionalization. [1] They found the CD emission band to be tunable from 430 nm to 630 nm, which covers the blue and red region.Despite such large progress achieved for CD synthesis, plenty of barriers still exist to CD commercialization. Typically, CDs with great performance are primarily prepared through solvothermal routes, meaning at least several hours are needed to prepare CDs at milligram levels. [1,3,4,6,[19][20][21][22][23] Nevertheless, expensive precursors and complex purification processes will no doubt enlarge the construction costs and increase the preparation time. [3][4][5][6] In another way, CDs suffer from aggregation-causedquenching (ACQ) due to π-π stacking in the solid state, which has shown to greatly hinder the application of CDs in light-emitting fields. [24][25][26][27][28] To overcome this deficiency, efforts have been targeted to develop solid CDs with efficient fluorescence by way of CD monomer separation from direct contact, including CD implantation inside polymer matrices and combining them with inorganic salts as composites. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Although this effectively prevents the ACQ of CDs in solid state by the dispersal of CDs into various matrices, only CDs at lower loading fractions (i.e., <0.2 wt%) have the ability to achieve high PL QY. [39] While most white LEDs (WLEDs) are created using the one-step synthesis of white light-emitting CDs, the down-conversion fluorescent powders usually suffer from low luminous efficiency or color instability. [40][41][42] Therefore, it is paramount to develop solid CDs with high fluorescence efficiency and stability in facile, low cost, and high-output ways in order to satisfy scale-up industrial production and application.In this study, we report a facile one-step microwave-assisted heating method to prepare solid CDs with strong green emissions. Here, citric acid, urea, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) have been used as precursors. The CDs were also made to be resistant to self-quenching by in situ embedding the CD into the crystal matrix of NaOH, so that the PL QY could reach 75.9% in the solid state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest value attained for solid CDs having green emission. [8,32,[35][36][37][38] Moreover, powdered CD (CDPs) would also have the potential to be prepared on a much larger scale in several minutes It still remains a challenge to synthesize solid-state carbon dots (CDs) with high emission efficiency; a hurdle that has hindered the application of CDs in many fields. In this work, efficient fluorescent CDs have been prepared through a one-step microwave-assisted heating method. Experimental data show strong green emissions produced from the CD powders (CDPs), carrying an unprecedented 75.9% quantum yield due to both spatial confinement and defect reduction with the ...

A memristive synapse based on novel biomaterial nanocomposites is proposed and simulations including the non-ideal factors prove an online learning accuracy of 94.3%.

Memristors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials can exhibit great scalability and ultralow power consumption, yet the structural and thickness inhomogeneity of ultrathin electrolytes lowers the production yield and reliability of devices. Here, we report that the self-limiting amorphous SiO x (∼2.7 nm) provides a perfect atomically thin electrolyte with high uniformity, featuring a record high production yield. With the guidance of physical modeling, we reveal that the atomic thickness of SiO x enables anomalous resistive switching with a transition to an analog quasi-reset mode, where the filament stability can be further enhanced using Ag–Au nanocomposite electrodes. Such a picojoule memristor shows record low switching variabilities (C2C and D2D variation down to 1.1 and 2.6%, respectively), good retention at a few microsiemens, and high conductance-updating linearity, constituting key metrics for analog neural networks. In addition, the stable high-resistance state is found to be an excellent source for true random numbers of Gaussian distribution. This work opens up opportunities in mass production of Si-compatible memristors for ultradense neuromorphic and security hardware.

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Tetraspanins are a unique family of 4-pass transmembrane proteins that play important roles in a variety of cell biological processes. We have previously shown that 2 paralogous tetraspanins in Caenorhabditis elegans, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the expression and subcellular localization patterns of endogenously tagged TSP-12 and TSP-14 proteins. We found that TSP-12 and TSP-14 share overlapping expression patterns in multiple cell types, and that both proteins are localized on the cell surface and in various types of endosomes, including early, late, and recycling endosomes. Animals lacking both TSP-12 and TSP-14 exhibit reduced cell-surface levels of the BMP type II receptor DAF-4/BMPRII, along with impaired endosome morphology and mislocalization of DAF-4/BMPRII to late endosomes and lysosomes. These findings indicate that TSP-12 and TSP-14 are required for the recycling of DAF-4/BMPRII. Together with previous findings that the type I receptor SMA-6 is recycled via the retromer complex, our work demonstrates the involvement of distinct recycling pathways for the type I and type II BMP receptors and highlights the importance of tetraspanin-mediated intracellular trafficking in the regulation of BMP signaling in vivo. As TSP-12 and TSP-14 are conserved in mammals, our findings suggest that the mammalian TSP-12 and TSP-14 homologs may also function in regulating transmembrane protein recycling and BMP signaling.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is able to hide within host cells to escape immune clearance and antibiotic action, causing life‐threatening infections. To boost the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, new intracellular delivery approaches are urgently needed. Herein, by rational design of an adamantane (Ada)‐containing antibiotic‐peptide precursor Ada‐Gly‐Tyr‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐Cys(StBu)‐Lys(Ciprofloxacin)‐CBT (Cip‐CBT‐Ada), we propose a strategy of tandem guest‐host‐receptor recognitions to precisely guide ciprofloxacin to eliminate intracellular S. aureus. Via guest‐host recognition, Cip‐CBT‐Ada is decorated with a β‐cyclodextrin‐heptamannoside (CD‐M) derivative to yield Cip‐CBT‐Ada/CD‐M, which is able to target mannose receptor‐overexpressing macrophages via multivalent ligand‐receptor recognition. After uptake, Cip‐CBT‐Ada/CD‐M undergoes caspase‐1 (an overexpressed enzyme during S. aureus infection)‐initiated CBT‐Cys click reaction to self‐assemble into ciprofloxacin nanoparticle Nano‐Cip. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that, compared with ciprofloxacin or Cip‐CBT‐Ada, Cip‐CBT‐Ada/CD‐M shows superior intracellular bacteria elimination and inflammation alleviation efficiency in S. aureus‐infected RAW264.7 cells and mouse infection models, respectively. This work provides a supramolecular platform of tandem guest‐host‐receptor recognitions to precisely guide antibiotics to eliminate intracellular S. aureus infection efficiently.