a b s t r a c tMolodtsov introduced the concept of soft sets, which can be seen as a new mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. In this paper, we deal with the algebraic structure of soft sets. The lattice structures of soft sets are constructed. The concept of soft equality is introduced and some related properties are derived. It is proved that soft equality is a congruence relation with respect to some operations and the soft quotient algebra is established.Crown
Hesitant fuzzy sets, as an extension of fuzzy sets to deal with uncertainty, have attracted much attention since its introduction, in both theory and application aspects. The present work is focused on the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs) to manage additional uncertainty. Now that distance and similarity as a kind of information measures are essential and important numerical indexes in fuzzy set theory and all their extensions, the present work aims at investigating distance and similarity measures in the IVHFSs and then employing them into multiple attribute decision making application. To begin with, II-type generalized interval-valued hesitant fuzzy distance is firstly introduced in the IVHFS, along with its properties and its relationships with the traditional Hamming-Distance and the Euclidean distance. Afterwards, another interval-valued hesitant fuzzy Lp distance based on Lp metric is proposed and its relationship with the Hausdorff distance is discussed. In addition, different from most of similarity measures with dependent on the corresponding distances, a new similarity measure based on set-theoretic approach for IVHFSs is introduced and its properties are discussed; especially, a relative similarity measure is proposed based on the positive ideal IVHFS and the negative ideal IVHFS. Finally, we describe how the IVHFS and its relative similarity measure can be applied to multiple attribute decision making. A numerical example is then provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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