The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a vast disaster throughout the world. There is increasing evidence that olfactory dysfunction can present in COVID-19 patients. Anosmia can occur alone or can be accompanied by other symptoms of COVID-19, such as a dry cough. However, the pathogenic mechanism of olfactory dysfunction and its clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. Multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the incidence rate of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients varies from 33.9-68% with female dominance. Anosmia and dysgeusia are often comorbid in COVID-19 patients. Otolaryngologists should be mindful of the symptom of anosmia in outpatients so as not to delay the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this paper, we have reviewed the relevant knowledge based on up-to-date literature.
Journal Pre-proof the otoscope to examine the ears by oneself (Figure 2.). The children need their parents' help for examination. The patient sent the images or video taken by the smartphone via WeChat group to doctors. After got the images data, the otolaryngologists made a diagnosis and provided real-time feedback. WeChat, the Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f most popular social media in China, plays a critical role in telemedicine services.Since February 15, 2020, we have preliminary serviced 12 patients via SEWOAOT.There were 5 males and 7 females, with an average age of 28 years (range 4-58 years).Among them, 3 cases of acute otitis media, 2 cases of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation, 2 cases of mycotic otitis externa, 2 cases of cerumen impaction, 1 case of acute external auditory canalitis, 1 case of external auditory canal trauma, and 1 case of post-operation of external auditory canal cholesteatoma. We ask patients to rate their satisfaction with SEWOAOT ranging from dissatisfied, somewhat satisfied, and very satisfied.They were dissatisfied (0, 0%), somewhat satisfied (2, 16.7%), and very satisfied (10, 83.3%). Overall, we have received excellent feedback for participation. Mandavia et al. performed a cross-sectional study, screening ear disease in Nepal, and concluded that an SEO is a potent tool in the diagnosis of ear disease and the decision for onward referral[11]. Hakimi et al. used SEO for training medical students instead of the traditional otoscope[12]. They found that the students were more confident in identifying the anatomical landmarks of the middle ear. However, a recent study had shown that it had not proved the effectiveness of SEO when local health care workers were examining the children. It potentially relates to insufficient training and education of local medical personnel[13]. SEO in this paper offers a better imaging quality than the previous product. The device also has a directional gyroscope which can keep a constant view angle when the machine body rotates unstably. The technological progress makes it possible to Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f perform a self-examining. However, SEWOAOT also has disadvantages. In some remote rural areas of China, smartphone and internet use remains restricted. SEO is not convenient enough for older people. Nevertheless, SEWOAOT has great significance for preventing human cross-infection during the infectious disease outbreaks. Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f
ObjectiveTo compare the growth and nutritional status of infants fed goat milk–based formula (GMF) and cow milk–based formula (CMF).MethodsThe study was conducted in Beijing, China. It was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 79 infants aged 0–3 months old were recruited and randomized in GMF or CMF group. The infants were fed the allocated formula to 6 months. The weight, length, and head circumference were measured at the enrolment, 3 and 6 months. The start time and types of solid food were recorded. Blood elements, urinal, and fecal parameters were also tested.ResultsThe average weight of infants in the GMF group (mean±SD) was 4.67±0.99 kg and in the CMF group 4.73±1.10 kg at enrolment, and 8.75±0.98 kg (GMF) and 8.92±0.88 kg (CMF) at 6 months. There were no differences in the adjusted intention-to-treat analyses of weight, length, head circumference, and BMI z-scores between the two formula-fed groups over the 6-month study. Similarly, there were no remarkable differences in the timing and types of solid food, blood elements, urinal, and feces parameters, between the GMF and CMF group. No group differences have been shown in bowel motion consistency, duration of crying, ease of settling, or frequency of adverse events.ConclusionsGMF-provided growth and nutritional outcomes did not differ from those provided by CMF.
ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to study the effect of goat milk–based formula (GMF) on development in weaned rats.MethodsOne hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, 20% cow milk–based formula (CMF), and 5%-GMF, 10%-GMF, and 20%-GMF groups.ResultsGMF did play an active role in accelerating body and femur length, but not body weight growth. Compared with the control, GMF had better cognitive, space, and locomotor activity. The level of IFN was increased in GMF groups, as well as the level of IL-2 and TNF was decreased in GMF groups.ConclusionThese results indicate that GMF has an effect on development and immunity improvability in weaned rats.
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