Metal rubber (MR) is a damping material with a space-disordered network interpenetrating structure. The fretting wear and fracture of its internal spiral turn caused by mutual extrusion and friction are the main reasons for its fatigue failure. However, the research on fretting wear of metal wire with curvature inside metal rubber is rarely reported, and the in uence of curvature on the fretting wear of spiral metal wire is unclear. In order to deeply explore the fretting wear characteristics of metal wires with curvature, the fretting wear evolution model of metal wires with curvature was deduced and constructed in this work.Combined with nite element simulation and tribological test, the difference of fretting wear between metal wire with curvature and metal wire without curvature was analyzed. The results show that the fretting wear model of metal wire with curvature can accurately predict the wear degree of metal wire with curvature. The prediction accuracy error is within 10% under all working conditions. There are apparent differences between the metal wire with curvature and the metal wire without curvature under the same working conditions. In particular, when the metal wire contacts at a slight angle, the difference in the wear degree between them is extensive, and the error decreases with the increase of contact angle. The fretting wear evolution model of metal wire with curvature is more suitable for predicting fretting wear of metal wire contact pairs, which abound in MR in the form of low contact angle and high curvature.
The Jiles-Atherton model was widely used in the description of the system with hysteresis, and the solution for the model was important for real-time and high-precision control. The secant method was used for solving anhysteretic magnetization and its initial values were optimized for faster convergence. Then, the Fourth Order Runge-Kutta method was employed to solve magnetization and the required computation cycles were supplied for stable results. Based on the solving method, the effect of the nonzero initial magnetic field on the magnetization was discussed, including the commonly used linear model of the square of magnetization under the medium initial value. From computations, the proposed secant iteration method, with supplied optimal initial values, greatly reduced the iterative steps compared to the fixed-point iteration. Combined with the Fourth Order Runge-Kutta method under more than three cycles of calculations, stable hysteresis results with controllable precisions were acquired. Adjusting the initial magnetic field changed the result of the magnetization, which was helpless to promote the amplitude or improve the symmetry of magnetization. Furthermore, the linear model of the square of magnetization was unacceptable for huge computational errors. The proposed numerical solving method can supply fast and high-precision solutions for the Jiles-Atherton model and provide a basis for the application scope of typical linear assumption.
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