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Diamondoid and thiadiamondoid compounds in crude oils are generally related to thermal cracking and TSR (thermochemical sulfate reduction). Diamondoids occur in almost all petroleum, but usually with low concentration (2 μg/g or less). The abundance of thiadiamondoid reflects the extent of TSR, which is rarely detected >20 μg/g. Recently, a commercial oil-gas production has been discovered in the deep Cambrian strata of the Tarim Basin, China. The condensate sample conducted with GC×GC-TOFMS (2D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis revealed that diamondoids series contains 281 components with a total concentration of 187 mg/g, and the thiadiamondoids series contains 267 components with a total concentration of 28 mg/g, respectively. We reported the identification of 14 compounds, including 11 dithiatriamantanes and 3 tetrathiadiamantanes for the first time in natural oils. According to the comprehensive analysis of sulfur and carbon isotopes and hydrocarbon composition of the condensate, these compounds are considered to be residual products of thermal cracking at high temperature and severed TSR alteration. The extremely heavy sulfur isotope of the thiadiamondoid compounds from TSR alteration illustrates that hydrogen-sulfide-enriched gas reservoirs exist in the deep Cambrian strata of the Tarim Basin.

Accumulating studies have focused on circulating microRNAs, which might be potential biomarkers for different malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of serum exosomal microRNAs to be novel serum biomarkers for smouldering myeloma (SMM) or even multiple myeloma (MM). The levels of serum exosomal microRNAs and serum circulating microRNAs were measured in healthy individuals and patients with SMM (n = 20) or MM (n = 20). Serum exosomal microRNAs and serum circulating microRNAs were extracted from serum, and the expression levels of selected microRNAs were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The levels of serum exosome‐derived miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐103a‐3p, and miR‐4505 were significantly different among patients with MM, patients with SMM, and healthy individuals, while there were differences in the levels of let‐7c‐5p, miR‐185‐5p, and miR‐4741 in patients with MM relative to those in SMM patients or healthy controls. Additionally, a significant correlation was rarely found between the levels of serum and exosomal microRNAs. This study shows that serum exosomal microRNAs can be used independently as novel serum biomarkers for MM.