effect), a lower pH value, as well as a high level of oxidative stress. [4-9] Especially, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces a serious oxidative stress, which is strongly implicated to various tumors. [8,9] In addition, a high ROS level is also considered to be an endpoint of the alteration of several important metabolic pathways in tumors. [8-11] Thus, modulation of the intratumor ROS level, either by scavenging ROS or increasing ROS, is a promising approach to anticancer therapy and ROS-related biomedical fields. [10-19] Recently, nanomaterial-enabled biocatalytic chemodynamic therapy has been demonstrated as a promising method for therapeutic intervention in a variety of tumors. [11-16,20] Through this biocatalytic tumor therapy, intratumor H 2 O 2 can be converted into toxic hydroxyl radicals (• OH) with the help of catalysts that can then induce tumor cell apoptosis and death through oxidative damage to various biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. Nevertheless, the relatively deficient intratumoral H 2 O 2 level significantly lowers the biocatalytic therapeutic efficiency. [21-27] Thus, the focus has been on increasing the intratumoral H 2 O 2 level through oxidization of intratumoral molecules Catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species has been developed as a promising methodology for tumor therapy. Direct O 2 •− production from intratumor oxygen exhibits exceptional tumor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, this therapy strategy is demonstrated by a pH-responsive hybrid of porous CeO 2 nanorods and sodium polystyrene sulfonate that delivers high oxidative activity for O 2 •− generation within acidic tumor microenvironments for chemodynamic therapy and only limited oxidative activity in neutral media to limit damage to healthy organs. The hydrated polymer-nanorod hybrids with large hydrodynamic diameters form nanoreactors that locally trap oxygen and biological substrates inside and improve the charge transfer between the catalysts and substrates in the tumor microenvironment, leading to enhanced catalytic O 2 •− production and consequent oxidation. Together with successful in vitro and in vivo experiments, these data show that the use of hybrids provides a compelling opportunity for the delivery selective chemodynamic tumor therapy.
A beta barium borate (β-BaB2O4 or BBO) crystal has been used to electro-optically Q switch both diode-pumped and lamp-pumped Nd:YLF laser systems, resulting in stable, high average power operation. Piezoelectric ringing was found to have negligible effects on the performance of the BBO Pockels cell at repetition rates up to 6 kHz. The high damage threshold and low insertion loss of BBO permitted operation up to average powers in excess of 6 kW/cm2, which makes a BBO Pockels cell well suited for high power, small mode volume operation, such as in diode-pumped solid state lasers. Based on typical diode-pumped laser parameters, BBO is expected to extend simple compact Q-switched operation of diode-pumped lasers to average powers of 30–100 W.
In recent years, the laser phosphor technology is becoming a mainstream one in the industry of projection display. In this paper, we first review the development of different light source technologies used in projectors. Thereafter, we review the evolution of our laser phosphor technology and then present its latest progress-RGB laser phosphor.
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