One of the basic requirements when using electro – optical transformer (EOT) of images in space research is the low level of bright light flashes on the screen, called multi – electronic scintillations. The experimental research of number and brightness of scintillations show that the distribution of the multi–electronic scintillations’ number across the screen’s diameter could be approximated by a normal law. The analysis of multi – electronic scintillations amplitude spectrum shows, that in the center of the EOT’s screen, the number of scintillations with greater amplitude is significantly greater in comparison with those at the end of the active surface of the screen.
The background brightness is a parameter which is defined by the thermo-electronic system of the photo cathode and the level of the external influences – auto electronic and auto ionic emission, ionizations and stimulation of atoms from remaining gases, optic reverse relation screen – photo cathode, etc. Evaluation of the influence of the above mentioned processes is defined when examining the amplitudes and temporary spectres of the scintillations on the electro – optic transformer screen. The relation between the multi – electronic scintillations and the process of ionization exchange and ionization of the atoms, absorbed by the electrostatic lens under the influence of the electronic field shows a sudden increase of one or two times of the background brightness which is defined on account of the auto electronic emission.
The process of discovering distant objects through the use of optic – electronic device has been examined, with an optical device - visir - for preliminary "rough" targeting. Methods for optimization and determining the optimal values of the crucial parameters of the device in regime for discovering of distant objects has been proposed, thus ensuring its maximum sensitivity.
n the current paper, satellite methods for research of gas content of the atmosphere are presented. The stress is on the satellite methods and the measurement geometry. A generalized characteristic of the absorption specters of the atmospheric ozone and gases into the optic range is presented when research with land and satellite appliances and apparatuses. An evaluation of the satellite methods is made when measuring the content of small gases. Scientific results are presented which are received by satellite experiments and the perspectives of satellite research are laid down.
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