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Summary The main objective of this analysis was to define the influence of multivessel disease involvement compared to single vessel disease on mortality rates in STEMI patients. The retrospective study included 549 patients, hospitalized with STEMI in St. Ekaterina University Hospital (age - 62.66±12.56; women - 31.3%) from 01.06.2008 to 30.06.2011. One-vessel disease was found in 232 patients (44%) as compared to two-vessel disease in 165 patients - 31% and multivessel disease in 130 patients - 25%. There was LM stenosis (>30) in 11 patients (2%); ostial lesion in 33 patients (6.3%); presence of Ca in 37 patients (7%). A stent was implanted in 484 patients (91.8%), and GP IIb/IIIa was used in 400 patients (75.9%). There was significant increase in mortality rates in patients with multivessel disease: 15.6% - 46 patients, compared to one-vessel disease - 6.5% (15 patients) (p<=0.01). Both early (30 days) and late mortality (one year) rates were higher in the multivessel group (6.8% vs. 2.6%, p<=0.05 and 10.2% vs. 3.9% (p<=0.0510), respectively. Multivessel disease is associated with higher mortality rates in STEMI patients, which may further alter clinical course and decision making.

Purpose Early confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 is a key point in the timely management of infected patients and contact persons. Routine diagnostics of COVID-19 cases relies on RT-PCR detection of two or three unique sequences of the virus. A serious problem for the laboratories is how to interpret inconclusive samples which are positive for only one of the SARS-CoV-2 specific genes. Materials and methods A total of 16364 naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested with SARS-CoV-2 Real-TM kit (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy) between May and September 2020. We retrospectively analyzed their amplification plots to determine the number of inconclusive samples. We also reviewed the medical records to summarize the patient’s COVID-19 testing history and basic demographic characteristics. Results We obtained 136 (0.8%) inconclusive samples with amplification signal only for the N-gene. Thirty-nine of the samples were excluded from further analysis as no additional data were available for them. Of the rest of the samples, the majority– 48% (95% CI 38–59%) had a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, 14% (95% CI 8–23%)–a subsequent history of positivity and 37% (95% CI 28–48%) were considered as false positive. Conclusion A substantial proportion of the inconclusive results should be considered as positive samples at the beginning or the end of the infection. However, the number of false-positive results is also significant and each patient’s result should be analyzed separately following the clinical symptoms and epidemiological data.

For the last few years, the number of immunocompromised individuals is growing fast, due to more intensive antitumor therapy, transplantations and the concomitant immunosuppressive therapy, and the HIV epidemic, as well. Immunosuppressed patients very often are affected with nosocomial infections in hospitals, and with infections in the society. The defense from viral diseases depends mainly on the immune system. When there is immune deficiency, the illness is taking severely longer and has complicated outcome. Usually immunocompromised individuals have one or more defects in the defensive mechanisms and leading cause of death is infection.The viruses taking part in this process are Epstein "arr virus E"V , Cytomegalovius CMV , Herpes simplex viruses HSV , HSV , Varicella zoster virus VZV , Hepatitis " virus H"V , Hepatitis C virus HCV , and Human Polyomaviruses "KV, JC . Many viruses HIV, CMV, E"V are depressing the immune resistance and are leading to co-infections with other microbial agents. Some viruses HSV / , HPV, CMV, E"V, "KV, JC are at latent condition in the infected persons for life. They become activated when decline in the immunity occurs, leading to serious illnesses. For this reason, accurate screening and prompt and precise diagnosis can be performed to prevent exacerbation of diseases and provide appropriate treatment.

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Epstein-Barr virus is the first human oncogenic virus associated with a broad range of different malignant diseases but its role in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) development still needs to be fully understood. High expression levels of EBV major genes are found in NHL tumor cells and free viral DNA circulates in the plasma of such individuals. In the current study we detected EBV DNA levels in plasma samples from NHL patients in order to validate its significance as a laboratory marker for disease monitoring. We investigated a cohort of 52 patients diagnosed with NHL in The University Hospital ''St. Marina'' Varna, Bulgaria. Viral DNA was extracted from single plasma samples using Kit Ribo Virus (Sacace Biotechnologies S.r.l., Como, Italy) and amplified with EBV Real-TM Quant (Sacace Biotechnologies S.r.l., Como, Italy). Plasma samples of the same patients were tested for presence of EBV VCA IgM/IgG antibodies with indirect ELISA tests (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). We found 15.4% (95% CI 6.9-28.1%, n = 8) of the samples from NHL patients to be positive in quantitative PCR (range 674-221,333 copies/ml). The diffuse large B cell lymphomas and peripheral T cell lymphomas were most often associated (although not statistically significant, p = 0.167) with detectable plasma EBV DNA levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study about the role of EBV in NHL development in Bulgaria. The results we have obtained should stimulate new, larger investigations to apply the quantitative PCR technique in the routine laboratory EBV diagnosis.

INRODUCTION: Hepatitis D (HDV) is the most interesting and unique among animal viruses. It causes viral hepatitis D only in individuals already infected with HBV (hepatitis B). This dual infection leads to the most aggressive hepatic dysfunction of all human viral hepatitis.AIM: This study was made to outline the hepatitis D virus among patients with chronic liver disorders in northeastern Bulgaria, in the sight of virus epidemiology, pathogenicity and viral genotype.