<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char;" align="left"><span class="text"><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;">In wireless sensor networks, three-dimensional localization is important for applications. It becomes a challenge with the scale of network getting large. This paper proposes a three-dimensional localization algorithm for large scale WSN on the basis of cluster. Focusing on the MDS-based localization, it adopts the cluster structure and the global coordinate system to represent the whole network logically, and reduces the influence of range measurement errors through decreasing the probability of multi-hop. With the combination of variable power of nodes and the triangle principle, the range measurement errors can be corrected. Through the comparison of three different computations in the algorithm of simulations, correction effects are presented. To address the proposed algorithm, CBLALS, more convincible, the comparison of CBLALS and DV-Distance (3D) is taken. The result shows that the positioning accuracy of CBLALS is much better than the one of DV-Distance (3D). With the increasing of the range measurement error, the positioning error of CBLALS varies gently, and could be controlled within 55% while the range measurement error is 30%.</span></span><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;"></span></p>
DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are hallmarks of chromatin zones containing transcriptional regulatory elements, making them critical in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. Although large amounts of DHSs in the plant genome have been identified by high-throughput techniques, current DHSs obtained from experimental methods cover only a fraction of plant species and cell processes. Furthermore, these experimental methods are both time-consuming and expensive. Hence, it is urgent to develop automated computational means to efficiently and accurately predict DHSs in the plant genome. Recently, several methods have been proposed to predict the DHSs. However, all these methods took a lot of time to build the model, making them inappropriate for data with massive volume. In the present work, a new ensemble extreme learning machine (ELM)-based model called pDHS-ELM was proposed to predict the DHSs in the plant genome by fusing two different modes of pseudo-nucleotide composition. Here, two kinds of features including reverse complement kmer and pseudo-nucleotide composition were used to represent the DHSs. The ELM model was used to build the base classifiers. Then, an ensemble framework was employed to combine the outputs of these base classifiers. When applied to DHSs in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) genome, the proposed method could obtain accuracies up to 88.48 and 87.58%, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, pDHS-ELM achieved higher sensitivity, specificity, and Matthew's correlation coefficient with much less training and test time. By employing pDHS-ELM, we identified 42,370 and 103,979 DHSs in A. thaliana and rice genome, respectively. The predicted DHSs were depleted of bulk nucleosomes and were tightly associated with transcription factors. Approximately 90% of the predicted DHSs were overlapped with transcription factors. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the predicted DHSs were also associated with DNA methylation, nucleosome positioning/occupancy, and histone modification. This result suggests that pDHS-ELM can be considered as a new promising and powerful tool for transcriptional regulatory elements analysis. Our pDHS-ELM tool is available from the following website https://github.com/shanxinzhang/pDHS-ELM/ .
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