Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) aerogels with controllable surface wettability were prepared by grafting poly(N,N-dimethylamino-2ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) polymer brushes via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. After grafting PDMAEMA polymer, the surface of the aerogel was hydrophobic. However, in the presence of CO 2 , the surface of the aerogel gradually changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The porous structure and CO 2 -responsiveness of PDMAE-MA brushes within the CNFs aerogels allowed for the on−off switching of the oil−water mixture separation process. These CNFs aerogels were recyclable and displayed attractive separation efficiency for oil−water mixture and surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Furthermore, the switchable surface wettability holds an advantage of avoiding oil-fouling, which will greatly improve its recyclability.
A self‐healing polysaccharide hydrogel based on dynamic covalent enamine bonds has been prepared with a facile, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly way. The polysaccharide hydrogel is obtained by mixing cellulose acetoacetate (CAA) aqueous solution with chitosan aqueous solution under room temperature. CAA is synthesized by reaction of cellulose with tert‐butyl acetoacetate (t‐BAA) in ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl). The structure and properties of CAA are characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, and solubility measurements. The results demonstrate that CAA possesses water solubility with a degree of substitution (DS) about 0.58–1.11. The hydrogel shows an excellent self‐healing behavior without other external stimuli and good stability under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the polysaccharide hydrogel exhibits pH responsive properties.
The foam dyeing of cotton fabric with CI Reactive Red 120 has been studied as a low-add-on technology. The foamability of different types of foaming agent and the stability of foam stabilisers were compared. Factors influencing foam dyeing, including wet pick-up, fixation agent, foam stabiliser, and blow ratio, were evaluated by colour strength and dye fixation rate. Wet pick-up, fixation agent, and foam stabiliser were found to be the main factors in the foam dyeing process. The comparative build-up properties, dyeing properties, and total consumption between foam dyeing and conventional dyeing were assessed. The results indicate that, in foam dyeing, the dyestuff has a better build-up property, the dyed fabric has excellent wash and rub fastness, and large amounts of water and energy are saved. Moreover, foam dyeing requires smaller dosages of chemical agents and reduces the difficulty of effluent treatment.
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