BackgroundThe prevalence of primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts is common in myopia, though asymptomatic in nearly all cases. It’s a very valuable thing to study the clinical safety and reliability of implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery in patients with primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts.MethodsA total of 108 patients (201 eyes) were included in this retrospective study. All eyes had been implanted with V4c implantable collamer lens (ICLV4c). According to the eyes with or without primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts, all eyes were divided into two groups. We observed preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity)(CDVA), intra-ocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber depth(ACD), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500),vertical central distance between the corneal endothelium and the front surface of ICL(CE-ICL), and the central vault. The follow-up periods covered 12 months.ResultsAmong all the 201 eyes, primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts were detected in 54 eyes (26.87%),but the prevalence was account to 36.11%(18males,21females).There were 30 eyes (55.56%) with unilateral single cyst, 12 eyes (22.22%) with unilateral double cysts, 12 eyes (22.22%) eyes with unilateral multiple and/or multi-quadrants cysts, the mean size of cysts was (0.714 ± 0.149)mm(range from 0.510 to 1.075 mm).30.4% of the cysts were located at iridociliary sulcus, 65.5% in pars plicata, and 4.1% in midzonal iris, which showed a characteristic distribution pattern, with cysts found predominantly in the inferior and temporal quadrants.The postoperative size and the number of cysts showed nearly no changes. The postoperative ACV, AOD500 and TIA showed a statistical reduction in both two groups (P < 0.05), but with no statistical significant between the two groups (P > 0.05), the parameters of postoperative IOP,CE-ICL and central vault also showed the same results as which. We did not observe serious complication and IOP elevating in the whole follow-up periods.ConclusionPrimary iris and/or ciliary body cysts are not absolutely contraindication for ICL surgery. For some single cyst smaller than 1.075 mm or single quadrant cysts located at ciliary body are rare to lead some serious complications. But, for some multiple cysts, especially multi-quadrants cysts located at iridociliary sulcus, we still should remain cautions.

To compare the retinal vessel density and glaucomatous parameters in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), to evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring abilities of the peripapillary and macular vessel density in the progression of glaucoma. Methods This was a observational, prospective and cross-sectional study. According to Glaucoma Staging System, 218 eyes (116 participants) were divided into 5 groups: no glaucoma, early glaucoma, moderate glaucoma, advance glaucoma, severe glaucoma. All participants underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, which included corrected distance visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intra ocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, fundus examination, stereoscopic optic disc photography, Humphrey visual field test(VF), peripapillary and macular optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) scan. SPSS software was used to calculate and compare retinal vessel density (peripapillary vessel density, PVD and macular vessel density, MVD) and glaucomatous parameters (mean deviation (MD),pattern standard deviation(PSD), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cellinner plexiform layer(GCIPL),rim area, average cup/disc(C/D) ratio). Results The GCIPL thickness, RNFL thickness, PVD and MVD are significantly reduced in PACG. There were significant differences in all measurements among the groups (P<0.01). Reduced peripapillary and macular vessel density in glaucoma were detected and a statistically significant correlation with glaucoma stages (P<0.01). In addition, the results of retinal vessel density, reduced RNFL thickness and GCIPL thickness were also statistically related to the stage of glaucoma. As expected, the rim area was significantly smaller with higher C/ D area ratios in glaucomatous eyes corresponding to the severity of disease.

BackgroundDacryoliths in lacrimal gland ductule are a rare condition and an unusual cause of conjunctivitis. Here we report a case with a large lacrimal gland ductule stone with an unique hairy nucleus.Case presentationA 38-year-old female presented with a red left eye for one month. Physical examination revealed an inflammatory granuloma in the lateral canthus and a fistula with purulent secretion. Antibiotics did not ameliorate the symptoms. After we incised the fistula, a huge dacryolith (10 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) was identified at the end of the dilated lacrimal gland ductule and was removed surgically. Histopathologic examination showed a hairy nucleus surrounded by lamellar structure. The symptoms were resolved in 2 weeks after dacryolith extraction. The formation of the hair-centered dacryolith might be associated with the patient’s personal history of being a rabbit raiser for years.ConclusionWe should be aware of lacrimal gland ductule dacryolith as a rare cause of conjunctivitis. The relationship between dacryolithiasis and fur-bearing animal raising warrants further investigation.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, and multiple risk factors influence its pathogenesis and progression, including age, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and ocular blood flow deficits. IOP-lowering therapy is currently the most effective way to control glaucoma progression; however, due to insufficient response and persistent retinal neural degeneration, the result may not always be satisfactory. In recent decades, fish oil, an omega-3 dietary supplement, is reported to be beneficial to glaucoma patients, but its efficiency and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Intriguingly, glaucoma patients have lower omega-3 fatty acid blood levels, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Dietary omega-3 supplementation in patients may normalize levels of fatty acid and, thereby, enhance their effects. Therefore, fish oil may serve as an area of new focus for glaucoma treatment studies. In this review, the study summarizes the roles of active ingredients in fish oil in delaying glaucoma development, including lowering IOP, regulating blood supply, alleviating inflammation, and diminishing oxidative stress, with a view to promoting the development of the clinical management of glaucoma.

Introduction PITX3 has been reported to be associated with congenital cataracts, anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, Peters’ anomaly, and microphthalmia. In this case, an infant with unilateral buphthalmos, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula carrying a variant in PITX3 was reported. Case description We describe a 4-month-old female infant who was referred to our Eye Clinic because of gradual enlargement of the eyeball in the right eye and whitish opacity in both eyes. Buphthalmos with long axial length (22.04 mm), macrocornea with diffuse corneal oedema and opacity (14.50 mm*14.50 mm) and high intraocular pressure (23.78 mmHg) were detected in the right eye. Microphthalmia with short axial length (16.23 mm), microcornea with diffuse corneal oedema and opacity (7.50 mm*6.50 mm) were detected in the left eye. A 360° trabeculotomy was performed for the right eye. However, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula in the right eye were detected 6 months after the surgery. A variant in exon 4 of PITX3 (c.640_656dup (p. Gly220Profs*95)) was identified in the proband but was not detected in her healthy parents. Conclusion A novel phenotype characterized by unilateral buphthalmos, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula in an infant were reported to be associated with PITX3 in our study. Our study expands the scope of the clinical heterogeneity of PITX3 variants. It also improves our understanding and increases the attention given to patients with PITX3 variants.

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