A catalyst (V-Cu-Ce-ZSM-5) was explored to simultaneously remove the SO 2 and NOx from ue gas by use of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve as the carrier, V and Cu as the active components, and Ce as the additive in low temperature of 150℃. The performance of V-Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 was evaluated for the oxidation of NO and SO 2 before and after the addition of graphene oxide (GO). The results showed that V-
Different
catalysts were loaded onto the collecting plate of an
electrostatic precipitator to achieve the simultaneous removal of
multiple pollutants from coal-fired gas. The synergistic desulfurization
and denitrification effect of the catalyst and the effect of corona
discharge on the activity of the catalyst were studied. The La(6%)–Ce(8%)–V(7%)–Cu(8%)–ZSM-5
catalyst prepared by successive impregnation methods had the optimum
simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification efficiency at a roasting
temperature of 600 °C. The desulfurization and denitrification
rates reached 97.09 and 83.30%, respectively. BET and SEM characterization
results showed that the loading of active components and additives
improved the pore structure of the molecular sieve, which contributed
to the high stability of the catalyst’s internal structure
and large surface area, as well as better desulfurization and denitrification
efficiency. Corona discharge can significantly improve the catalytic
effect.
Tip wetting due to the needle descent and the rapid pressure drop in the nozzle has been identified as an important problem in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. The deposited film cannot fully evaporate before the onset of combustion and when the flame reaches the injector, high temperature and the lack of oxygen will lead to significant particulate emissions. Attempts have been made to reduce the tip wetting phenomenon by re-designing the nozzle geometry parameters. However, existing research is still limited to indirect measurements by analyzing the relationship between PN emissions and operating conditions and optical methods visualizing the results are fairly limited. Besides, flash boiling sprays have been considered a promising technology for GDI-related applications, but their performance on tip wetting remains controversial. Although it is expected that improvements in vaporization could reduce the deposition, research also shows that the spray-tip interaction could be enhanced by excessive plume width. To clarify the underlying mechanism, investigations of tip wetting phenomena under flash boiling conditions were conducted in a constant volume chamber by controlling the ambient pressure and fuel temperature. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method was adopted and 266nm Nd: YAG laser was used to excite the commercial gasoline. The intensified CCD camera equipped with a microscope lens was applied to capture the fluorescence. The characteristics of tip wetting (film area and time-resolved evolution) were thoroughly analyzed, and the influence of flash boiling on tip wetting was evaluated.
A catalyst (V-Cu-Ce-ZSM-5) was explored to simultaneously remove the SO2 and NOx from flue gas by use of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve as the carrier, V and Cu as the active components, and Ce as the additive in low temperature of 150℃. The performance of V-Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 was evaluated for the oxidation of NO and SO2 before and after the addition of graphene oxide (GO). The results showed that V-Cu-Ce-ZSM-5@GO0.5 had the best performance at a reaction temperature of 150°C, and the oxidation efficiency of SO2 and NO were 94.60% and 83.64%, respectively. The multiple structural characterizations (BET, SEM, XRD, and XPS) revealed that the loading of V and Cu with the additive Ce expanded the specific surface area and pore volume of ZSM-5, provided more adsorption sites for SO2 and NO, and had good desulfurization and denitration activity. The addition of GO further improved the dispersibility of active components and auxiliaries, increased the number of active sites in the reaction process, and significantly improved catalytic activity.
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