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Tubular structures have been widely used in China owing to their excellent structural performance and attractive appearance, along with the rapid economic development and great events including the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai EXPO. This paper presents the state of the art and applications of tubular structures in China in recent years. Apart from bridges, tubular structures are also commonly seen in spatial structures, high-rise buildings and transmission towers. Applications of tubular structures in these landmark buildings, such as the National Stadium ‘Bird's Nest' and the National Aquatics Center ‘Water Cube' are illustrated, focusing on the specific characteristics of each tubular structure. With the booming usage of tubular structures, considerable experiment-based research has been carried out in China. The latest developments of research on tubular joints in China are reviewed, along with the practical applications. Emphasis is placed on the static strength, non-rigid behaviour and seismic performance of special tubular joints. Based on results obtained from both research and practical applications, Chinese technical specifications for the design of tubular structures are established and also briefly introduced.

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An ever‐growing body of electronic information resources is gradually making traditional research methodologies obsolete and transforming the ways in which students learn how research is carried out in their chosen fields of study. A clear example can be found in the case of Asian studies. Many areas of Asian studies traditionally have depended upon complex, printed bibliographic tools that could only be used by researchers who possessed both a mastery of Asian languages and an in‐depth understanding of the historical timelines and literary traditions of Asia. Students have acquired these research skills and methodologies through semester‐long courses and, in some cases, advanced specialized degrees. Until recently, responsibility for the teaching of such techniques and methodologies to students belonged almost exclusively to the teaching faculty of the discipline. Over the past few years, however, the increased availability of electronic research resources in Asian studies is transforming what students need to know about conducting research. This situation provides an unprecedented opportunity for campus librarians to participate in reforming the curricula for a new generation of Asian studies scholars.

Background: To identify the differences of lumbar lordosis (LL) and sacral slope (SS) angles between two types of postoperative lumbar disc re-herniation, including the recurrence of same level and adjacent segment herniation (ASH). Methods: We searched the medical records of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients with re-herniation with complete imaging data (n=58) from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2020 in our hospital. After matching for age and sex, 58 patients with LDH without re-herniation from the same period operated by the same treatment group in our hospital were served as a control group. Re-herniation patients were divided into two groups, same-level recurrent lumbar disc herniation group (rLDHG) and adjacent segment herniation group with or without recurrence (ASHG). The preoperative, postoperative and one month after operation LL and SS were measured on standing radiographs and compared with the control group by using t-test，ANOVA, and rank-sum test．Next, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) by unconditional logistic regression, progressively adjusted for other confounding factors. Results: Compared with the control group, the postoperative LL and SS were significantly lower in LDH patients with re-herniation. However, there were no differences in LL and SS between ASHG and rLDHG at any stage. After progressive adjustment for confounding factors, no matter what stage is, LL and SS remained unassociated with the two types of re-herniation. Conclusions: The postoperative LL and SS are independent risk factors for lumbar disc re-herniation. Low LL and SS angles at any stage do not appear to determine the type of re-herniation, as this is decided by many other factors, such as age, genes and so on.

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